Measuring service use and costs is an important aspect of service delivery evaluation. In end-of-life care, there is heavy reliance on care by family/friends (informal carers) and this should be reflected in t...
Authors: Laura M. Holdsworth, Heather Gage, Peter Williams and Claire Butler
Evidence suggests that increased preoperative alcohol consumption increases the risk of postoperative complications; therefore, a reduction or cessation in alcohol intake before surgery may reduce perioperativ...
Authors: Christopher Snowden, Ellen Lynch, Leah Avery, Craig Gerrand, Eilish Gilvarry, Nicola Goudie, Catherine Haighton, Lesley Hall, Nicola Howe, Denise Howel, Elaine McColl, James Prentis, Elaine Stamp and Eileen Kaner
Anxiety affects a quarter of strokes. It can be disabling even after mild stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). It is not feasible to deliver conventional psychological therapies to the large population...
Authors: Ho-Yan Yvonne Chun, Alan J. Carson, Martin S. Dennis, Gillian E. Mead and William N. Whiteley
Effective interventions are required to reduce alcohol consumption and its associated harms at the population level. Reducing the alcohol content of beverages has the potential to reduce alcohol consumption th...
Authors: Parvati R. Perman-Howe, Emma L. Davies and David R. Foxcroft
Clinical trials of physical activity and rehabilitation interventions can be challenging. Pilot or feasibility studies can be conducted prior to a definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT), to improve the c...
The promotion of twice yearly application of fluoride varnish (FVA) to the teeth of pre-school children in the dental practice is one component of Scotland’s child oral health improvement programme (Childsmile...
Authors: Siyang Yuan, Gerry Humphris, Al Ross, Lorna MacPherson, Yuefang Zhou and Ruth Freeman
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the airways, associated with frailty, disability, co-morbidity, and mortality. Individuals with COPD experience inc...
Authors: Juthaporn Cowan, Sunita Mulpuru, Shawn Aaron, Gonzalo Alvarez, Antonio Giulivi, Vicente Corrales-Medina, Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, Kednapa Thavorn, Ranjeeta Mallick and D. William Cameron
Community-dwelling older adults receiving support at home such as meals-on-wheels may lose the ability to preserve social, cognitive, and functional abilities, when becoming accustomed to and dependent of comm...
Authors: M. M. Husted, A. M. Beck and L. K. Ulrikkeholm
Enhancing the capacity to experience positive affect could help improve recovery across a range of areas of mental health. Experimental psychopathology research indicates that a computerized cognitive training...
Authors: Simon E. Blackwell, Katharina Westermann, Marcella L. Woud, Jan C. Cwik, Torsten Neher, Christian Graz, Peter W. Nyhuis and Jürgen Margraf
High adrenergic tone appears to be associated with mortality in septic shock, while adrenergic antagonism may improve survival. In preparation for a randomized trial, we conducted a prospective, single-arm pil...
Authors: Samuel M. Brown, Sarah J. Beesley, Michael J. Lanspa, Colin K. Grissom, Emily L. Wilson, Samir M. Parikh, Todd Sarge, Daniel Talmor, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Victor Novack, B. Taylor Thompson and Sajid Shahul
Pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common childhood illness with substantial health, family, and system impacts. Connecting parents to evidence-based patient education is key to effective decision-maki...
Authors: Lauren Albrecht, Shannon D. Scott and Lisa Hartling
It has been argued that true endpoints (or ‘hard’ endpoints) for clinical trials, which are meaningful to clinicians, researchers and patients alike, are limited to those that measure health status, survival a...
Authors: M. J. Campbell, G. A. Lancaster and S. M. Eldridge
Children living in rural areas are at higher risk for obesity compared to urban children, and Native American (NA) children have the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity for all races combined. Out-of-scho...
Authors: Blakely Brown, Kari Jo Harris, Daniel Heil, Michael Tryon, Aric Cooksley, Erin Semmens, James Davis and Krupa Gandhi
About half of people with glaucoma do not adhere to their recommended medications. Interventions for other chronic conditions have successfully utilized reminder systems and motivational interviewing (MI)-base...
Authors: Paula Anne Newman-Casey, Leslie M. Niziol, Chamisa K. Mackenzie, Kenneth Resnicow, Paul P. Lee, David C. Musch and Michele Heisler
Joint replacement provides significant improvements in pain, physical function, and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis. With a growing body of evidence indicating that frailty can be treated, it i...
Authors: Ahmed M. Negm, Courtney C. Kennedy, George Ioannidis, Olga Gajic-Veljanoski, Justin Lee, Lehana Thabane, Jonathan D. Adachi, Sharon Marr, Arthur Lau, Stephanie Atkinson, Danielle Petruccelli, Justin DeBeer, Mitchell Winemaker, Victoria Avram, Benjamin Deheshi, Dale Williams…
The prevalence of common mental disorders increases in humanitarian emergencies while access to services to address them decreases. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a brief five-session trans-diagnostic psycho...
Authors: Manaswi Sangraula, Edith van’t Hof, Nagendra P. Luitel, Elizabeth L. Turner, Kedar Marahatta, Jolene H. Nakao, Mark van Ommeren, Mark J. D. Jordans and Brandon A. Kohrt
Since the early 2000s, a number of publications in the medical literature have highlighted inadequacies in the design, conduct and reporting of pilot trials. This work led to two notable publications in 2016: ...
Authors: Elsie Horne, Gillian A. Lancaster, Rhys Matson, Ashley Cooper, Andy Ness and Sam Leary
On the Road to Recovery (OTRTR) is a brief low intensity group psychological therapy that aims to improve patients’ insight into their mental disorder and develop adaptive coping skills to help manage distress. O...
Authors: Lindsey G. McIntosh, Morag Slesser, Suzanne O’Rourke and Lindsay D. G. Thomson
The physical, occupational, social and psychological impact of chronic leg ulcers (CLUs) on an individual is considerable. Wound-related pain (WRP), the most common symptom, is frequently reported as moderate ...
Authors: Anne Purcell, Thomas Buckley, Jennie King, Wendy Moyle and Andrea P. Marshall
Prescribing for patients taking multiple medicines (i.e. polypharmacy) is challenging for general practitioners (GPs). Limited evidence suggests that the integration of pharmacists into the general practice te...
Authors: Karen Cardwell, B. Clyne, F. Moriarty, E. Wallace, T. Fahey, F. Boland, L. McCullagh, S. Clarke, K. Finnigan, M. Daly, M. Barry and S. M. Smith
Obtaining patients’ views of their health and outcomes of interventions utilising patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is a well-established method, but there is still uncertainty about the impact of PROM...
In advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), patients and neurologists regularly face complex treatment decisions. Shared decision-making (SDM) can support the process where evidence, the clinician’s expert...
Authors: Frouke A. P. Nijhuis, Glyn Elwyn, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Bart Post and Marjan J. Faber
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women living in the USA. Treatment for ovarian cancer that follows the guidelines published by the Natio...
Authors: Rachel Pozzar, Laura-Mae Baldwin, Barbara A. Goff and Donna L. Berry
The patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), patient-reported experience measure (PREMs) and Effectiveness Programme (PPEP) launched with the aim of supporting all National Health Service Wales (NHS Wales) o...
Authors: Susan O’Connell, Robert Palmer, Kathleen Withers, Neeleem Saha, Sarah Puntoni and Grace Carolan-Rees
Adolescent depression is common and impairing. There is an urgent need to develop early interventions to prevent depression becoming entrenched. However, current psychological interventions are difficult to ac...
Authors: Victoria Pile, Patrick Smith, Mary Leamy, Simon E. Blackwell, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Dominic Stringer, Elizabeth G. Ryan, Barnaby D. Dunn, Emily A. Holmes and Jennifer Y. F. Lau
Arthritis affects approximately 50 million adults in the USA. Hispanics/Latinos have a higher prevalence of arthritis-attributed activity limitations primarily related to osteoarthritis (OA). Hispanic/Latinos ...
Authors: Leonor Corsino, Cynthia J. Coffman, Catherine Stanwyck, Eugene Z. Oddone, Hayden B. Bosworth, Ranee Chatterjee, Amy S. Jeffreys, Rowena J. Dolor and Kelli D. Allen
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate of autologous blood growth factors which has been shown to provide some symptomatic relief in early osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The objective of this study was ...
Authors: Liam G. Glynn, Alaa Mustafa, Monica Casey, Janusz Krawczyk, Jeanete Blom, Rose Galvin, Ailish Hannigan, Colum P. Dunne, Andrew W. Murphy and Christian Mallen
Globally, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. However, many patients with glaucoma do not understand their disease which reportedly impacts on their ability to manage their condition succe...
Authors: H. Waterman, S. Bull, M. Shaw and C. Richardson
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of complex interventions often begin with a pilot phase to test the proposed methods and refine the intervention before it is trialled. Although the Medical Research Council...
Authors: Jenna P. Breckenridge, Carla Gianfrancesco, Nicole de Zoysa, Julia Lawton, David Rankin and Elizabeth Coates
Many people living with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are affected by sexual problems associated with the condition. International guidelines recommend all patients with CVD should receive sexual counselling, y...
Authors: Patrick J. Murphy, Chris Noone, Maureen D’Eath, Dympna Casey, Sally Doherty, Tiny Jaarsma, Andrew W. Murphy, Martin O’Donnell, Noeleen Fallon, Paddy Gillespie, Amirhossein Jalali, Jenny Mc Sharry, John Newell, Elaine Toomey, Elaine E. Steinke and Molly Byrne
Improving diet as a means of reducing the development of disease states and obesity is a public health priority. Although a growing number of countries have adopted policies to improve dietary patterns at the ...
Follow-up for public health trials may benefit from greater use of routine data. Our trial of a home-visiting intervention for first-time teenage mothers assessed outcomes to the child’s second birthday. To ex...
Authors: Fiona Lugg-Widger, Rebecca Cannings-John, Lianna Angel, Gwenllian Moody, Jeremy Segrott, Joyce Kenkre and Michael Robling
Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) experience reduced quality of life, HCV-associated symptoms, comorbid conditions, and treatment side effects. The Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills group interven...
Authors: Donna M. Evon, Carol E. Golin, Rachel Ruffin, Shauna Ayres and Michael W. Fried
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric condition characterized by low body weight, fear of weight gain/becoming fat and/or behavior that interferes with weight gain, and body disturbance. Though there h...
Authors: C. Alix Timko, Tiffanie J. Goulazian, Kathleen Kara Fitzpatrick and Daniel Rodriguez
In the UK and beyond, public funding is used to commission interventions delivered in public health early years settings aimed at improving health and well-being and reducing inequalities in order to promote s...
Authors: Maria Bryant, Wendy Burton, Michelle Collinson, Suzanne Hartley, Sandy Tubeuf, Kim Roberts, Annemijn E. C. Sondaal and Amanda J. Farrin
Levels of physical activity decline with age. Some of the most disadvantaged individuals in society, such as those from lower socio-economic position, are also the most inactive. Increasing physical activity l...
Authors: Mark A. Tully, Conor Cunningham, Margaret E. Cupples, Duane Farrell, Wendy Hardeman, Ruth F. Hunter, Bob Laventure, Suzanne M. McDonough, Joanne Morgan, Marie H. Murphy, Ellen E. A. Simpson, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Ashlene Wright and Frank Kee
Multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and older age predispose seniors to adverse drug events (ADE). Seniors with an ADE experience greater morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization compared to their younger c...
Authors: Joanne Man-Wai Ho, Jennifer Tung, Janine Maitland, Derelie Mangin, Lehana Thabane, J. Michael Pavlin, Jeffrey Alfonsi, Anne Holbrook, Sharon Straus and Sophiya Benjamin
Maternal mental health conditions are prevalent across the world. For women, the perinatal period is associated with increased rates of depression and anxiety. At the same time, there is widespread documentati...
Authors: Caprice Knapp, Simone Honikman, Michael Wirsching, Gidah Husni-Pascha and Eva Hänselmann
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common and life-threatening medical emergency. Standard prehospital management involves controlled oxygen therapy and disease-specific ancillary treatments. Continuous posi...
Authors: Gordon W. Fuller, Steve Goodacre, Samuel Keating, Gavin Perkins, Matthew Ward, Andy Rosser, Imogen Gunson, Joshua Miller, Mike Bradburn, Praveen Thokala, Tim Harris, Andrew Carson, Maggie Marsh and Cindy Cooper
One third of women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. Orthopaedic health care professionals are in a good position to identify women experiencing escalating physical violence and act...
The harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions and leads to over 3 million deaths every year worldwide. Relatively few problem alcohol users access treatment due t...
Authors: Fiona L. Hamilton, Jo Hornby, Jessica Sheringham, Stuart Linke, Charlotte Ashton, Kevin Moore, Fiona Stevenson and Elizabeth Murray
State health agencies (SHA) and local health agencies (LHA) face several challenges with the dissemination of local health data using Web-Based Data Query Systems (WDQS). To help guide future research, this st...
Authors: Manik Ahuja, Robert Aseltine, Nicholas Warren, Susan Reisine, Pam Holtzclaw Williams and Andy Cislo
We used various methods for identifying and prioritizing patient-centered outcomes (PCOs) for comparative effectiveness research (CER).
Authors: Evan Mayo-Wilson, Asieh Golozar, Terrie Cowley, Nicole Fusco, Gillian Gresham, Jennifer Haythornthwaite, Elizabeth Tolbert, Jennifer L. Payne, Lori Rosman, Susan Hutfless, Joseph K. Canner and Kay Dickersin
Fatigue is rated as the most distressing side effect of radiotherapy treatment for curable breast cancer. About four in ten women treated experience fatigue, which can last for years after treatment. The impac...
Authors: N. Courtier, S. Gaze, J. Armes, A. Smith, L. Radley, J. Armytage, M. Simmonds, A. Johnson, T. Gambling and J. Hopkinson
Despite medical advances, major surgery remains high risk. Up to 44% of patients experience postoperative complications, which can have huge impacts for patients and the healthcare system. Early recognition of...
Authors: C. L. Downey, J. Croft, H. Buckley, R. Randell, J. M. Brown and D. G. Jayne
Research estimates that 30% of children under the age of 16 years in the UK live with at least one parent with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Parental AUDs are associated with adverse childhood experiences and...
Authors: Ruth McGovern, Elaine Stamp, Mehdi Javanbakht, Elaine McColl, Matthew Hickman and Eileen Kaner
Socially disadvantaged men are at high risk of suffering from alcohol-related harm. Disadvantaged groups are less likely to engage with health promotion. There is a need for interventions that reach large numb...
Authors: Linda Irvine, Ambrose J. Melson, Brian Williams, Falko F. Sniehotta, Gerry Humphris and Iain K. Crombie
An estimated 17,000 patients are treated annually in the UK with radical radiotherapy (RT) for pelvic cancer. New treatment approaches in RT have increased survivorship and changed the subjective toxicity prof...
Authors: Patricia Holch, Simon Pini, Ann M. Henry, Susan Davidson, Jacki Routledge, Julia Brown, Kate Absolom, Alexandra Gilbert, Kevin Franks, Claire Hulme, Carolyn Morris and Galina Velikova
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in children, and currently, there are no FDA-approved therapies. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is elevated in children with...
Authors: Miriam B. Vos, Ran Jin, Juna V. Konomi, Rebecca Cleeton, Jessica Cruz, Saul Karpen, Dellys Soler Rodriguez, Jennifer K. Frediani, Courtney McCracken and Jean Welsh
Worldwide caesarean section (CS) delivery is the most common major operation. Approximately 25% of pregnant women undergo a CS in the UK for delivery of their babies. Sepsis and post-natal infection constitute...
Authors: V. Hodgetts Morton, A. Wilson, C. Hewitt, A. Weckesser, N. Farmer, D. Lissauer, P. Hardy and R. K. Morris
