Primary progressive aphasia is a language-led dementia, often associated with frontotemporal dementia. It presents as insidious deterioration of language skills (e.g. naming objects and understanding complex s...
Authors: Anna Volkmer, Aimee Spector, Jason D Warren and Suzanne Beeke
Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Control of T2DM can be challenging for healthcare professionals for a number of reaso...
Authors: Mark E Murphy, Molly Byrne, Fiona Boland, Derek Corrigan, Paddy Gillespie, Tom Fahey and Susan M Smith
The majority of stroke patients are inactive outside formal therapy sessions. Tailored activity feedback via a smartwatch has the potential to increase inpatient activity. The aim of the study was to identify ...
Authors: Sophie Lawrie, Yun Dong, Dax Steins, Zhidao Xia, Patrick Esser, Shanbin Sun, Fei Li, James D Amor, Christopher James, Hooshang Izadi, Yi Cao, Derick Wade, Nancy Mayo and Helen Dawes
The COordinated Oral health Promotion (CO-OP) Chicago trial will test the efficacy of a community health worker (CHW) intervention to improve oral health behaviors for children at high risk for early childhood...
Authors: Molly A Martin, Helen H Lee, Jazmin Landa, Mark Minier, David Avenetti and Anna Sandoval
The peanut ball has only been recently used as a support for women labouring with epidurals. The peanut ball is shaped like a peanut and fits snugly between the woman’s legs so that both legs are maintained as...
Authors: Virginia Stulz, David Campbell, Biing Yin, Wafa Al Omari, Robin Burr, Heather Reilly and Kenny Lawson
The most efficacious childhood obesity prevention interventions have involved caregivers directly or indirectly. Due to the high reliance on technology, research examining technological intervention approaches...
Authors: Laura C. Hopkins, Mary Fristad, Jacqueline D. Goodway, Bernadette Melnyk, Ihuoma Eneli, Chris Holloman, Julie A. Kennel, Alison Webster, Amy R. Sharn and Carolyn Gunther
Management of psychological adjustment and low mood after stroke can result in positive health outcomes. We have adapted a talk-based therapy, motivational interviewing (MI), and shown it to be potentially eff...
Authors: Kulsum Patel, Caroline L Watkins, Chris J Sutton, Emma-Joy Holland, Valerio Benedetto, Malcolm F Auton, David Barer, Kausik Chatterjee and Catherine E Lightbody
Children admitted to nutritional rehabilitation units (NRUs) for inpatient treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are at high risk of poor developmental and nutritional outcomes. The Kusamala Program is ...
Authors: Allison I Daniel, Meta van den Heuvel, Melissa Gladstone, Mike Bwanali, Wieger Voskuijl, Celine Bourdon, Isabel Potani, Sara Fernandes, Jenala Njirammadzi and Robert H J Bandsma
Deliberate self-harm in the form of non-fatal self-poisoning is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. Previous work suggests that many nurses in Sri Lanka—particularly those who work in primary care in t...
Authors: A. N. L. M. De Silva, Andrew H. Dawson, Indika B. Gawarammana, Sampath Tennakoon and Thilini Rajapakse
Heart failure (HF) is a major cardiovascular disease with increasing prevalence. Thiamine deficiency occurs in 33% of patients with HF. However, the effectiveness of thiamine supplementation in HF is not known.
Authors: Eric Kai Chung Wong, Justin Yusen Lee, Darryl P. Leong, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Haroon Yousuf, Sabina Keen, Sharon E. Straus, Christopher J. Patterson and Catherine Demers
Many patients who have been treated for breast cancer experience high levels of fear that the cancer will return. The FORECAST pilot study showed that for a third of the patients, fears of cancer recurrence (F...
Authors: Mara van Beusekom, Josie Cameron, Carolyn Bedi, Elspeth Banks, Tom Kelsey and Gerry Humphris
Our study objective was to examine the feasibility of implementing a culturally congruent mentorship pilot program, Youth-First (YF), that targets behavior modification among elementary school-aged children wi...
Authors: Arthur H. Owora, Najah Salaam, Sydney H. Russell Leed, Dessa Bergen-Cico, Timothy Jennings-Bey, Arnett Haygood El, Robert A. Rubinstein and Sandra D. Lane
Acute otitis media (AOM) is an acute inflammation of the middle ear commonly found in children, for which antibiotics are frequently prescribed. However, antibiotics are beneficial for only one third of AOM ca...
Authors: Respati W. Ranakusuma, Amanda R. McCullough, Eka D. Safitri, Yupitri Pitoyo, Widyaningsih, Christopher B. Del Mar and Elaine M. Beller
Several studies have reported that using the Wii™ Balance Board can provide added value regarding balance (re-)training in neurological diseases. However, for the large group of mobile older stroke survivors, ...
Authors: André Golla, Tobias Müller, Kai Wohlfarth, Patrick Jahn, Kerstin Mattukat and Wilfried Mau
Older adults with intellectual disability have high rates of lifestyle-related illness yet remain poorly engaged in physical activity and nutrition interventions. There is a need to clarify what types of healthy ...
Authors: Carmela Salomon, Jessica Bellamy, Elizabeth Evans, Renae Reid, Michelle Hsu, Scott Teasdale and Julian Trollor
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective procedure for late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee; however, up to 20% of patients remain dissatisfied. In some patients, this may be due to residual inflamm...
Authors: Kenneth S. Rankin, Jayasree Ramaskandhan, Michelle Bardgett, Katie Merrie, Rajkumar Gangadharan, Ian Wilson and David Deehan
Campylobacter is a leading cause of gastroenteritis across the globe caused by the ingestion of contaminated food, water, or contact with animals carrying Campylobacter bacteria. The resulting disease, campylo...
Authors: Erika Barrett, Dametreea Carr, Melanie L. Bell and Kristen Pogreba-Brown
Measuring service use and costs is an important aspect of service delivery evaluation. In end-of-life care, there is heavy reliance on care by family/friends (informal carers) and this should be reflected in t...
Authors: Laura M. Holdsworth, Heather Gage, Peter Williams and Claire Butler
Evidence suggests that increased preoperative alcohol consumption increases the risk of postoperative complications; therefore, a reduction or cessation in alcohol intake before surgery may reduce perioperativ...
Authors: Christopher Snowden, Ellen Lynch, Leah Avery, Craig Gerrand, Eilish Gilvarry, Nicola Goudie, Catherine Haighton, Lesley Hall, Nicola Howe, Denise Howel, Elaine McColl, James Prentis, Elaine Stamp and Eileen Kaner
Anxiety affects a quarter of strokes. It can be disabling even after mild stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). It is not feasible to deliver conventional psychological therapies to the large population...
Authors: Ho-Yan Yvonne Chun, Alan J. Carson, Martin S. Dennis, Gillian E. Mead and William N. Whiteley
Effective interventions are required to reduce alcohol consumption and its associated harms at the population level. Reducing the alcohol content of beverages has the potential to reduce alcohol consumption th...
Authors: Parvati R. Perman-Howe, Emma L. Davies and David R. Foxcroft
Clinical trials of physical activity and rehabilitation interventions can be challenging. Pilot or feasibility studies can be conducted prior to a definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT), to improve the c...
The promotion of twice yearly application of fluoride varnish (FVA) to the teeth of pre-school children in the dental practice is one component of Scotland’s child oral health improvement programme (Childsmile...
Authors: Siyang Yuan, Gerry Humphris, Al Ross, Lorna MacPherson, Yuefang Zhou and Ruth Freeman
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the airways, associated with frailty, disability, co-morbidity, and mortality. Individuals with COPD experience inc...
Authors: Juthaporn Cowan, Sunita Mulpuru, Shawn Aaron, Gonzalo Alvarez, Antonio Giulivi, Vicente Corrales-Medina, Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, Kednapa Thavorn, Ranjeeta Mallick and D. William Cameron
Community-dwelling older adults receiving support at home such as meals-on-wheels may lose the ability to preserve social, cognitive, and functional abilities, when becoming accustomed to and dependent of comm...
Authors: M. M. Husted, A. M. Beck and L. K. Ulrikkeholm
Enhancing the capacity to experience positive affect could help improve recovery across a range of areas of mental health. Experimental psychopathology research indicates that a computerized cognitive training...
Authors: Simon E. Blackwell, Katharina Westermann, Marcella L. Woud, Jan C. Cwik, Torsten Neher, Christian Graz, Peter W. Nyhuis and Jürgen Margraf
High adrenergic tone appears to be associated with mortality in septic shock, while adrenergic antagonism may improve survival. In preparation for a randomized trial, we conducted a prospective, single-arm pil...
Authors: Samuel M. Brown, Sarah J. Beesley, Michael J. Lanspa, Colin K. Grissom, Emily L. Wilson, Samir M. Parikh, Todd Sarge, Daniel Talmor, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Victor Novack, B. Taylor Thompson and Sajid Shahul
Pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common childhood illness with substantial health, family, and system impacts. Connecting parents to evidence-based patient education is key to effective decision-maki...
Authors: Lauren Albrecht, Shannon D. Scott and Lisa Hartling
It has been argued that true endpoints (or ‘hard’ endpoints) for clinical trials, which are meaningful to clinicians, researchers and patients alike, are limited to those that measure health status, survival a...
Authors: M. J. Campbell, G. A. Lancaster and S. M. Eldridge
Children living in rural areas are at higher risk for obesity compared to urban children, and Native American (NA) children have the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity for all races combined. Out-of-scho...
Authors: Blakely Brown, Kari Jo Harris, Daniel Heil, Michael Tryon, Aric Cooksley, Erin Semmens, James Davis and Krupa Gandhi
About half of people with glaucoma do not adhere to their recommended medications. Interventions for other chronic conditions have successfully utilized reminder systems and motivational interviewing (MI)-base...
Authors: Paula Anne Newman-Casey, Leslie M. Niziol, Chamisa K. Mackenzie, Kenneth Resnicow, Paul P. Lee, David C. Musch and Michele Heisler
Joint replacement provides significant improvements in pain, physical function, and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis. With a growing body of evidence indicating that frailty can be treated, it i...
Authors: Ahmed M. Negm, Courtney C. Kennedy, George Ioannidis, Olga Gajic-Veljanoski, Justin Lee, Lehana Thabane, Jonathan D. Adachi, Sharon Marr, Arthur Lau, Stephanie Atkinson, Danielle Petruccelli, Justin DeBeer, Mitchell Winemaker, Victoria Avram, Benjamin Deheshi, Dale Williams…
The prevalence of common mental disorders increases in humanitarian emergencies while access to services to address them decreases. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a brief five-session trans-diagnostic psycho...
Authors: Manaswi Sangraula, Edith van’t Hof, Nagendra P. Luitel, Elizabeth L. Turner, Kedar Marahatta, Jolene H. Nakao, Mark van Ommeren, Mark J. D. Jordans and Brandon A. Kohrt
Since the early 2000s, a number of publications in the medical literature have highlighted inadequacies in the design, conduct and reporting of pilot trials. This work led to two notable publications in 2016: ...
Authors: Elsie Horne, Gillian A. Lancaster, Rhys Matson, Ashley Cooper, Andy Ness and Sam Leary
On the Road to Recovery (OTRTR) is a brief low intensity group psychological therapy that aims to improve patients’ insight into their mental disorder and develop adaptive coping skills to help manage distress. O...
Authors: Lindsey G. McIntosh, Morag Slesser, Suzanne O’Rourke and Lindsay D. G. Thomson
The physical, occupational, social and psychological impact of chronic leg ulcers (CLUs) on an individual is considerable. Wound-related pain (WRP), the most common symptom, is frequently reported as moderate ...
Authors: Anne Purcell, Thomas Buckley, Jennie King, Wendy Moyle and Andrea P. Marshall
Prescribing for patients taking multiple medicines (i.e. polypharmacy) is challenging for general practitioners (GPs). Limited evidence suggests that the integration of pharmacists into the general practice te...
Authors: Karen Cardwell, B. Clyne, F. Moriarty, E. Wallace, T. Fahey, F. Boland, L. McCullagh, S. Clarke, K. Finnigan, M. Daly, M. Barry and S. M. Smith
Obtaining patients’ views of their health and outcomes of interventions utilising patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is a well-established method, but there is still uncertainty about the impact of PROM...
In advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), patients and neurologists regularly face complex treatment decisions. Shared decision-making (SDM) can support the process where evidence, the clinician’s expert...
Authors: Frouke A. P. Nijhuis, Glyn Elwyn, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Bart Post and Marjan J. Faber
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women living in the USA. Treatment for ovarian cancer that follows the guidelines published by the Natio...
Authors: Rachel Pozzar, Laura-Mae Baldwin, Barbara A. Goff and Donna L. Berry
The patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), patient-reported experience measure (PREMs) and Effectiveness Programme (PPEP) launched with the aim of supporting all National Health Service Wales (NHS Wales) o...
Authors: Susan O’Connell, Robert Palmer, Kathleen Withers, Neeleem Saha, Sarah Puntoni and Grace Carolan-Rees
Adolescent depression is common and impairing. There is an urgent need to develop early interventions to prevent depression becoming entrenched. However, current psychological interventions are difficult to ac...
Authors: Victoria Pile, Patrick Smith, Mary Leamy, Simon E. Blackwell, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Dominic Stringer, Elizabeth G. Ryan, Barnaby D. Dunn, Emily A. Holmes and Jennifer Y. F. Lau
Arthritis affects approximately 50 million adults in the USA. Hispanics/Latinos have a higher prevalence of arthritis-attributed activity limitations primarily related to osteoarthritis (OA). Hispanic/Latinos ...
Authors: Leonor Corsino, Cynthia J. Coffman, Catherine Stanwyck, Eugene Z. Oddone, Hayden B. Bosworth, Ranee Chatterjee, Amy S. Jeffreys, Rowena J. Dolor and Kelli D. Allen
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate of autologous blood growth factors which has been shown to provide some symptomatic relief in early osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The objective of this study was ...
Authors: Liam G. Glynn, Alaa Mustafa, Monica Casey, Janusz Krawczyk, Jeanete Blom, Rose Galvin, Ailish Hannigan, Colum P. Dunne, Andrew W. Murphy and Christian Mallen
Globally, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. However, many patients with glaucoma do not understand their disease which reportedly impacts on their ability to manage their condition succe...
Authors: H. Waterman, S. Bull, M. Shaw and C. Richardson
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of complex interventions often begin with a pilot phase to test the proposed methods and refine the intervention before it is trialled. Although the Medical Research Council...
Authors: Jenna P. Breckenridge, Carla Gianfrancesco, Nicole de Zoysa, Julia Lawton, David Rankin and Elizabeth Coates
Many people living with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are affected by sexual problems associated with the condition. International guidelines recommend all patients with CVD should receive sexual counselling, y...
Authors: Patrick J. Murphy, Chris Noone, Maureen D’Eath, Dympna Casey, Sally Doherty, Tiny Jaarsma, Andrew W. Murphy, Martin O’Donnell, Noeleen Fallon, Paddy Gillespie, Amirhossein Jalali, Jenny Mc Sharry, John Newell, Elaine Toomey, Elaine E. Steinke and Molly Byrne
Improving diet as a means of reducing the development of disease states and obesity is a public health priority. Although a growing number of countries have adopted policies to improve dietary patterns at the ...
Follow-up for public health trials may benefit from greater use of routine data. Our trial of a home-visiting intervention for first-time teenage mothers assessed outcomes to the child’s second birthday. To ex...
Authors: Fiona Lugg-Widger, Rebecca Cannings-John, Lianna Angel, Gwenllian Moody, Jeremy Segrott, Joyce Kenkre and Michael Robling
