Table 1 Baseline characteristics by randomised group
SMS messaging (N = 103) | Usual care (N = 106) | Total (N = 209) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD), n (%) or Median (Q1, Q3) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | |
Age(years) | 63.9 (10.6) | 63.9 (9.7) | 63.9 (10.2) |
Gender—female | 42 (40.8) | 44 (41.5) | 86 (41.1) |
Height (cm) | 171.3 (9.6) | 171.3 (9.8) | 171.3 (9.7) |
Weight (kg) | 91.9 (21.7) | 93.8 (17.5) | 92.9 (19.6) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3 (6.5) | 32.0 (5.8) | 31.6 (6.2) |
Current Smoker | 11 (10.7) | 5 (4.7) | 16 (7.7) |
Duration of type 2 diabetes (years) | 9.0 (3.2,15.0) | 8.2 (4.5, 13.6) | 8.8 (4.4, 14.3) |
Receiving help with medication | 3 (2.9) | 3 (2.8) | 6 (2.9) |
Taking ≥ 5 medications (self-reported) | 60 (58.3) | 59 (55.7) | 119 (56.9) |
Ethnic group | |||
White British | 88 (85.4) | 91 (85.8) | 179 (85.6) |
Indian | 2 (1.9) | 4 (3.8) | 6 (2.9) |
Pakistani | 3 (2.9) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (1.9) |
Caribbean | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (1.0) |
Chinese | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
African | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) |
Any mixed/multiple ethnic background | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.0) |
Other White background | 4 (3.9) | 2 (1.9) | 6 (2.9) |
Other South Asian | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
Other White British background | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) |
Other Asian | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) |
Other Black/African/Caribbean background | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
Other | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
Education group—n (%) | |||
Some secondary education | 20 (19.4) | 4 (3.8) | 24 (11.5) |
GCSE/O-Levels | 22 (21.4) | 29 (27.4) | 51 (24.4) |
College, A-Levels, NVQ3 or below | 15 (14.6) | 24 (22.6) | 39 (18.7) |
Diploma, certificate, BTEC, NVQ 4 and above | 15 (14.6) | 21 (19.8) | 36 (17.2) |
Undergraduate degree (BA, BSc) | 14 (13.6) | 18 (17.0) | 32 (15.3) |
Post-graduate degree (MA, MSc) | 13 (12.6) | 7 (6.6) | 20 (9.6) |
Doctorate (PhD) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 56.5 (14.7) | 55.1 (12.3) | 55.8 (13.5) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.3 (1.3) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.3 (1.2) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.9 (0.9) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.8) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.6) |
Ratio of total to HDL cholesterol | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.2) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.9 (13.4) | 133.2 (14.6) | 132.0 (14.1) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.3 (9.1) | 76.2 (8.9) | 76.2 (9.0) |
Previous myocardial infarction | 6 (5.8) | 7 (6.6) | 13 (6.2) |
Stroke | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (1.4) |
Previous transient ischemic attack | 1 (1.0) | 3 (2.8) | 4 (1.9) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 3 (2.9) | 3 (2.8) | 6 (2.9) |
Renal Failure | 2 (1.9) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (1.4) |
Period owned or used a mobile phone | |||
One year or less | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) |
One to 2 years | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) |
Two to 5 years | 7 (6.8) | 7 (6.6) | 14 (6.7) |
More than 5 years | 95 (92.2) | 97 (91.5) | 192 (91.9) |
Type of mobile phone | |||
Smartphone | 89 (86.4) | 91 (85.8) | 180 (86.1) |
Standard mobile phone | 14 (13.6) | 15 (14.2) | 29 (13.9) |
EQ-5D-5L VASa | 74.4 (19.9) | 75.2 (15.2) | 74.8 (17.6) |
EQ-5D-5L Indexb | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) |
MARSc | 22.9 (2.7) | 23.7 (1.8) | 23.3 (2.3) |