Table 1 Characteristics of the pilot and feasibility studies included within the review (n = 761)
Study type | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Pilot | Feasibility | Both | |
N = 761 | n = 244 | n = 448 | n = 69 | |
Year study start | Frequency (%) | |||
2013 | 97 (13%) | 55 (23%) | 33 (7%) | 9 (13%) |
2014 | 111 (15%) | 36 (15%) | 69 (15%) | 6 (9%) |
2015 | 119 (16%) | 44 (18%) | 71 (16%) | 4 (6%) |
2016 | 101 (13%) | 30 (12%) | 64 (14%) | 7 (10%) |
2017 | 87 (11%) | 21 (9%) | 55 (12%) | 11 (16%) |
2018 | 122 (16%) | 26 (11%) | 89 (20%) | 7 (10%) |
2019 | 73 (10%) | 17 (7%) | 39 (9%) | 17 (25%) |
2020 | 51 (7%) | 15 (6%) | 28 (6%) | 8 (12%) |
Length of study (months) Mean (SD) | 32 (19) | 29 (19) | 33 (18) | 35 (20) |
Treatment arms | ||||
2 | 680 (89%) | 219 (90%) | 400 (89%) | 61 (88%) |
3 | 64 (8%) | 20 (8%) | 38 (9%) | 6 (9%) |
4 | 15 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 9 (2%) | 2 (3%) |
6 | 2 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 (0%) |
Primary endpoint | ||||
Binary | 97 (13%) | 34 (14%) | 54 (12%) | 9 (13%) |
Categorical | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Continuous | 592 (78%) | 191 (78%) | 357 (80%) | 44 (64%) |
Time to event | 24 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 12 (3%) | 6 (9%) |
Unknown | 47 (6%) | 12 (5%) | 25 (6%) | 10 (15%) |
Condition category | ||||
Mental and behavioural disorders | 187 (25%) | 66 (27%) | 100 (22%) | 21 (30%) |
Cancer | 72 (10%) | 13 (5%) | 49 (11%) | 10 (15%) |
Circulatory system | 72 (10%) | 26 (11%) | 40 (9%) | 6 (9%) |
Musculoskeletal diseases | 55 (7%) | 12 (5%) | 40 (9%) | 3 (4%) |
Nutritional, metabolic, endocrine | 55 (7%) | 20 (8%) | 32 (7%) | 3 (4%) |
Nervous system diseases | 46 (6%) | 12 (5%) | 28 (6%) | 6 (9%) |
Unknown | 32 (4%) | 14 (6%) | 16 (4%) | 2 (3%) |
Other (groups that represent less than 5%) | 242 (32%) | 81 (33%) | 144 (32%) | 19 (26%) |
Study type | ||||
Treatment | 568 (75%) | 161 (66%) | 354 (79%) | 53 (77%) |
Quality of life | 67 (9%) | 27 (11%) | 36 (8%) | 4 (6%) |
Prevention | 63 (8%) | 27 (11%) | 31 (7%) | 5 (7%) |
Screening | 12 (2%) | 9 (4%) | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
Diagnostic | 8 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
Other | 43 (6%) | 17 (7%) | 20 (5%) | 6 (9%) |
Intervention type | ||||
Behavioural | 231 (30%) | 61 (25%) | 139 (31%) | 31 (45%) |
Procedure/surgery | 64 (8%) | 19 (8%) | 41 (9%) | 4 (6%) |
Drug | 50 (7%) | 21 (9%) | 29 (6%) | 1 (1%) |
Device | 43 (6%) | 17 (7%) | 24 (5%) | 2 (3%) |
Mixed | 24 (3%) | 10 (4%) | 12 (3%) | 2 (3%) |
Supplement | 18 (2%) | 7 (3%) | 10 (2%) | 1 (1%) |
Biological/vaccine | 4 (1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 2 (< 1%) | 1 (1%) |
Unknown | 2 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 (0%) |
Other | 325 (43%) | 107 (44%) | 191 (43%) | 27 (39%) |
Funder type | ||||
Public | 557 (73%) | 160 (66%) | 348 (78%) | 49 (71%) |
Charity | 137 (18%) | 49 (20%) | 71 (16%) | 17 (25%) |
Industry | 50 (7%) | 29 (12%) | 20 (5%) | 1 (1%) |
Other | 17 (2%) | 6 (3%) | 9 (2%) | 2 (3%) |