Table 4 Outcome measures collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up
Variable | Measure | Description | Reliability/validity |
|---|---|---|---|
SS gait speeda | 10-m walk test | Time to complete a standardized overground distance; correlated with functional ambulation categories | Excellent test–retest (ICC > 0.95) [37], intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICCs > 0.87); established construct [38] and criterion [39] validity in stroke |
SS endurance | 6-min walk test | Distance walked in 6-min; measure of aerobic capacity and long-distance walking function | SEM, MDC, and MCID published in older adults and stroke; excellent reliability (ICC > 0.99); validity established in stroke [38, 40, 41] |
SS dynamic balance and functional mobilitya | 5-times sit to stand (5STS) Timed up and go test (TUG) | Timed tests of functionally relevant lower limb activities (sit to stand, walking, turning) | 5STS—criterion validity with leg muscle strength in stroke; discriminates stroke versus able-bodied [42,43,44] TUG—SEM, MDC, reliability, validity published in stroke [38, 45, 46] |
SS quality of life | Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) | Fifty-nine items, eight domains function | Test–retest reliability ICC = 0.70 to 0.92; internal consistency alpha coefficient of 0.83–0.90 [47] |
SS mobility confidencea | Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) | Sixteen items, self-report of balance confidence with balance-related activities | Adequate to excellent test–retest reliability for total score ICC = 0.85), excellent internal consistency[48, 49] |
SS average stepping activityb | Wearable sensors (Actigraph) | Actigraph GT3X + (Actigraph Pensacola, FL, USA) triaxial accelerometer; raw acceleration data are converted into activity counts per minute | Step activity monitors have been shown to have excellent test–retest reliability on 3-day monitoring (ICC > 0.9); criterion validity published in stroke [50,51,52,53] |
CP/SS autonomy support environment | Family Care Climate Questionnaire FCCQ-CP/FCCQ-SS | 14-item, Likert-type scale. Higher scores/higher autonomy support perception | Internal consistency > 0. 0; construct validity supported—higher FCCQ-SS scores related to SS lower perception of criticism, higher family emotional involvement—higher satisfaction with family support (p ≤ .05) [54] |
CP strain | Caregiver Strain Index—CSI (modified) | Thirteen-item questionnaire, binary yes/no; higher score/higher strain | Good reproducibility and validity in stroke carepartners, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83 [55,56,57,58] |
CP family conflict | Family Caregiver Conflict Scale (FCCS) about Stroke Recovery | 15-item, Likert-type scale higher scores/higher conflict | Established content/construct validity in stroke CP; reliability Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93 [59] |
CP well-being related to caregiving | Bakas Caregiving Outcome Scale (BCOS) | Fifteen items; 7-point scale; higher scores/more positive caregiving outcomes | Satisfactory reliability and validity in stroke carepartner, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 [60] |
CARE-CITE-Gait usability | |||
 CP experience in CARE-CITE | Exit interview questionnaire | Three sections assessing confidence in care, value of participation, and aspects of CARE-CITe | Interview guide will be reviewed by content and qualitative experts prior to use |
 CP satisfaction with CARE-CITE | Feedback forms at end of CARE-CITE modules | 5-item, Likert-type scale; higher scores/higher satisfaction | Interview guide will be revised by content and qualitative experts prior to use |
 CP experience using CARE-CITE | Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) | 19-item, Likert-type scale. Lower scores/greater usability of instrument | Established reliability and validity [31] |