Table 6 Patient and caregivers-reported outcomes before and after the intervention exposure
|  | Persons with HF (n = 17–18) | Informal caregivers (n = 6–7) |
|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
Self-care/contribution to | ||
 Self-care maintenance | ||
  Baseline | 62.5 ± 12.2 | 60.0 ± 32.4 |
  Post-intervention (30 days) | 62.1 ± 18.1 | 63.5 ± 25.4 |
  Follow-up (90 days) | 58.2 ± 13.8 | 61.5 ± 18.1 |
 Symptom perception | ||
  Baseline | 52.0 ± 17.7 | 58.9 ± 24.9 |
  Post-intervention (30 days) | 55.5 ± 17.0 | 69.1 ± 22.6 |
  Follow-up (90 days) | 59.8 ± 16.8 | 63.5 ± 18.8 |
 Self-care management | ||
  Baseline | 38.6 ± 15.9 | 49.3 ± 25.6 |
  Post-intervention (30 days) | 39.2 ± 15.4 | 52.5 ± 20.9 |
  Follow-up (90 days) | 41.1 ± 19.9 | 51.5 ± 25.6 |
Health status, overall | Â | / |
 Baseline | 70.2 ± 15.6 |  |
 Post-intervention (30 days) | 68.8 ± 14.1 |  |
 Follow-up (90 days) | 70.1 ± 21.4 |  |
Physical limitation | Â | / |
 Baseline | 66.6 ± 17.4 |  |
 Post-intervention (30 days) | 64.3 ± 19.9 |  |
 Follow-up (90 days) | 72.7 ± 28.4 |  |
Symptom frequency | Â | / |
 Baseline | 77.4 ± 18.0 |  |
 Post-intervention (30 days) | 75.6 ± 14.3 |  |
 Follow-up (90 days) | 78.4 ± 22.5 |  |
Quality of life | Â | / |
 Baseline | 65.9 ± 20.0 |  |
 Post-intervention (30 days) | 63.8 ± 20.5 |  |
 Follow-up (90 days) | 65.4 ± 20.5 |  |
Social limitation | Â | / |
 Baseline | 69.7 ± 25.7 |  |
 Post-intervention (30 days) | 70.0 ± 26.8 |  |
 Follow-up (90 days) | 59.8 ± 31.6 |  |
Symptom burden | Â | / |
 Dyspnea | ||
  Baseline | 0.58 ± 0.54 |  |
  Post-intervention (30 days) | 0.57 ± 0.71 |  |
  Follow-up (90 days) | 0.79 ± 1.08 |  |
 Chest discomfort |  | / |
  Baseline | 0.86 ± 1.09 |  |
  Post-intervention (30 days) | 0.61 ± 0.79 |  |
  Follow-up (90 days) | 0.94 ± 1.19 |  |
 Early subtle |  | / |
  Baseline | 1.31 ± 0.74 |  |
  Post-intervention (30 days) | 1.17 ± 0.64 |  |
  Follow-up (90 days) | 1.16 ± 0.81 |  |
 Edema |  | / |
  Baseline | 0.94 ± 0.96 |  |
  Post-intervention (30 days) | 0.81 ± 0.90 |  |
  Follow-up (90 days) | 1.11 ± 1.02 |  |
Caregiver burden | / | Â |
 Baseline |  | 18.5 ± 10.0 |
 Post-intervention (30 days) |  | 20.5 ± 15.1 |
 Follow-up (90 days) |  | 20.1 ± 6.2 |