Table 1 Summary of barriers to diabetic retinopathy screening
Resource | Barriers |
|---|---|
Systematic review with the general population [23] | Environmental context and resources: access, competing priorities, financial concerns, specialist availability, scheduling appointment, referral issues |
Social influences: doctor-patient communications, language, trust, stigma, community/family support | |
Knowledge: awareness of diabetes-retinopathy link, confusion between retinopathy screening and routine eye exam | |
Memory/attention/decision processes: symptoms, co-morbidities, forgetting | |
Beliefs about consequences: worry about harmful effects of screening, perceived necessity of screening | |
Emotions: fear, defensiveness | |
Previous studies with linguistic minority groups [16] | Views about harms caused by screening itself |
Forgetting to book screening appointments | |
Lack of transparency on screening costs (some out-of-pocket) | |
Wait times | |
Making/getting to appointments | |
Lack of awareness about retinopathy screening | |
Language barriers | |
Family and clinical support |