Table 2 Univariate correlations between demographics and risk factors for postnatal depression and change in EPDS score between the end of intervention and start of intervention (EPDS delta)

History of childhood maltreatment^a

 − .39*

 Types of maltreatment:

  Physical abuse

 − .17

  Sexual abuse

 − .19

  Antipathy

 − .35*

  Neglect

 − .38*

 Number of types of maltreatment^b

 − .58*

Adult experience of intimate partner violence^a

 − .38*

Physical abuse

 − .16

Sexual abuse

 − .01

Psychological abuse

 − .38*

Threatening life events in the perinatal period^a

 − .27

Intrusive life events throughout life^a

0.11

Pregnancy and/or childbirth complications^a

0.02

Feeding complications^a

0.31

Prior major depressive disorder episode^a

0.13

Current major depressive disorder episode on SCID at baseline^a

0.08

EPDS score at baseline^b

0.16

Attendance of other mother–baby activity group^a

0.06

Number of singing sessions attended^b

.35*