Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants
Characteristics | Total n = 67 | Socialization arm n = 32 | Multimodal arm n = 35 |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 77.3 (6.5) | 76.4 (5.8) | 78.2 (7.0) |
Age n (%) | |||
65–74 | 24 (35.8) | 13 (40.6) | 11 (31.4) |
75–84 | 33 (49.3) | 16 (50.0) | 17 (48.6) |
85 + | 10 (14.9) | 3 (9.4) | 7 (20.0) |
Gender n (%) | |||
Male | 15 (22.4) | 9 (28.1) | 6 (17.1) |
Female | 52 (77.6) | 23 (71.9) | 29 (82.9) |
Living arrangement n (%) | |||
Lives alone | 27 (39.7) | 11 (33.3) | 16 (45.7) |
Lives with others | 41 (60.3) | 22 (66.7) | 19 (54.3) |
Educational level n (%) | |||
≤ 12th grade | 10 (14.7) | 2 (6.2) | 8 (22.9) |
High school | 12 (17.7) | 6 (18.8) | 6 (17.1) |
College | 23 (33.8) | 11 (34.4) | 12 (34.3) |
University | 22 (33.8) | 13 (40.6) | 9 (25.7) |
Smoking status n (%) | |||
Current | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.7) |
Former | 15 (22.4) | 5 (15.6) | 10 (28.6) |
Never | 50 (74.6) | 27 (84.4) | 23 (65.7) |
Frailty status | |||
Non-frail | 16 (23.9) | 9 (28.1) | 7 (20.0) |
Prefrail | 39 (58.2) | 16 (50.0) | 23 (65.7) |
Frail | 12 (17.9) | 7 (21.9) | 5 (14.3) |
Falls in the past year n (%) | |||
No | 32 (47.8) | 16 (50.0) | 16 (45.7) |
Yes | 35 (52.2) | 16 (50.0) | 19 (54.3) |
Walking aid use n (%) | |||
No | 34 (50.8) | 16 (50.0) | 18 (51.4) |
Yes | 33 (49.2) | 16 (50.0) | 17 (48.6) |
Previous fractures1 n (%) | |||
No | 39 (58.2) | 16 (50.0) | 23 (58.2) |
Yes | 28 (41.8) | 16 (50.0) | 12 (41.8) |
5XSST mean (SD) | 15.6 (7.0) | 13.5 (4.9) | 17.5 (8.0) |
DASS-21 depression, mean (SD) | 6.7 (6.6) | 7.4 (5.7) | 6.2 (7.3) |
DASS-21 anxiety, mean (SD) | 5.2 (4.8) | 5.4 (4.1) | 5.0 (5.5) |
DASS-21 stress, mean (SD) | 8.1 (6.8) | 9.6 (6.8) | 6.7 (6.6) |
Frailty index, mean (SD) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.25 (0.10) | 0.27 (0.08) |
EQ-5D-5L index, mean (SD) | 0.77 (0.15) | 0.78 (0.12) | 0.76 (0.17) |