Table 1 Baseline characteristics in the 6 months prior to enrolment of the per-protocol population of 12 patients who completed the study

Total, N

3

9

Age (years)

3

51.33 (21.96)

9

54.89 (7.10)

 − 3.56 (− 55.69–48.58)

Female, N (%)

3

1 (33.3)

9

2 (22.2)

0.11 (− 0.42–0.72)

In 6 months prior to enrolment

 Surgery, N (%)

3

0 (0.0)

9

1 (11.1)

 − 0.11 (− 0.48–0.56)

 Unexpected hospitalization for infection, N (%)

3

0 (0.0)

9

3 (33.3)

 − 0.33 (− 0.71–0.37)

 New line infection, N (%)

3

0 (0.0)

9

3 (33.3)

 − 0.33 (− 0.71–0.37)

 New CRBSI, N (%)

3

0 (0.0)

9

1 (11.1)

 − 0.11 (− 0.48–0.56)

 New antibiotics prescribed for CRBSI, N (%)

3

0 (0.0)

9

1 (11.1)

 − 0.11 (− 0.48–0.56)

 Duration of antibiotic treatment (days)

3

0.00 (0.00)

9

2.11 (6.33)

 − 2.11 (− 6.98–2.76)

Indication for HPN, N (%)

 Short bowel syndrome

3

2 (66.7)

9

5 (55.6)

0.11 (− 0.56–0.64)

 GI dysmotility

3

0 (0.0)

9

0 (0.0)

N/A

 GI obstruction

3

0 (0.0)

9

1 (11.1)

 − 0.11 (− 0.48–0.56)

 Chyle leak

3

0 (0.0)

9

1 (11.1)

 − 0.11 (− 0.48–0.56)

 Intolerance to enteral feeding

3

0 (0.0)

9

0 (0.0)

N/A

 Other

3

1 (33.3)

9

2 (22.2)

0.11 (− 0.42–0.72)

Vascular access, N (%)

 Type of vascular access

  PICC

3

0 (0.0)

9

7 (77.8)

 − 0.78 (− 0.97– − 0.03)

  Hickman

3

2 (66.7)

9

2 (22.2)

0.44 (− 0.23–0.88)

  Port-o-cath

3

1 (33.3)

9

0 (0.0)

0.33 (− 0.16–0.91)

 Location of vascular access, N (%)

  Right

3

2 (66.7)

9

3 (33.3)

0.33 (− 0.35–0.81)

  Left

3

1 (33.3)

9

6 (66.7)

 − 0.33 (− 0.81–0.35)

Number of lumens, N (%)

 1

3

2 (66.7)

9

2 (22.2)

0.44 (− 0.23–0.88)

 2

3

1 (33.3)

9

6 (66.7)

 − 0.33 (− 0.81–0.35)

Nutritional status

 Weight (kg)

3

56.80 (8.93)

9

59.98 (15.75)

 − 3.18 (− 20.82–14.47)

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

3

21.90 (2.34)

9

22.90 (3.64)

 − 1.00 (− 5.52–3.52)

 Mid-arm circumference (cm)

3

27.07 (2.00)

7

26.99 (2.83)

0.08 (− 3.85–4.02)

Subjective global assessment, N (%)

 A

3

2 (66.7)

9

6 (66.7)

0.00 (− 0.65–0.53)

 B

3

1 (33.3)

9

1 (11.1)

0.22 (− 0.30–0.80)

 C

3

0 (0.0)

9

0 (0.0)

N/A

Parenteral nutrition

 Total energy (kcal/day)

3

1446.53 (364.38)

9

1244.30 (419.59)

202.23 (− 501.62–906.09)

 Total energy (kcal/kg/day)

3

26.10 (8.74)

9

21.43 (7.38)

4.67 (− 13.13–22.47)

 Amino acids (g/kg/day)

3

0.95 (0.10)

9

0.91 (0.26)

0.04 (− 0.20–0.28)

 Lipids (g/kg/day)

3

0.75 (0.32)

9

0.60 (0.22)

0.15 (− 0.53–0.82)

 Frequency of HPN (days/week)

3

5.33 (1.53)

9

5.33 (1.12)

0.00 (− 3.21–3.21)

 Frequency of hydration (days/week)

3

2.33 (4.04)

9

0.89 (1.17)

1.44 (− 8.23–11.12)

Liver function test

 ALT (U/L)

3

40.00 (39.13)

9

23.33 (11.38)

16.67 (− 76.97–110.31)

 AST (U/L)

3

23.00 (12.12)

9

29.11 (9.71)

 − 6.11 (− 31.07–18.85)

 ALP (U/L)

3

122.67 (14.64)

8

158.88 (104.50)

 − 36.21 (− 124.25–51.84)

 GGT (U/L)

3

29.33 (7.09)

9

49.11 (44.13)

 − 19.78 (− 54.28–14.72)

 Total bilirubin (umol/L)

3

9.67 (6.43)

9

8.78 (3.60)

0.89 (− 13.33–15.11)

 Conjugated bilirubin (umol/L)

3

5.33 (4.04)

8

4.75 (1.98)

0.58 (− 8.47–9.64)

 Albumin (g/L)

3

38.00 (3.61)

9

37.00 (3.67)

1.00 (− 6.08–8.08)

Lipid profile

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

3

2.47 (0.99)

9

3.03 (0.54)

 − 0.56 (− 2.75–1.63)

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

3

0.93 (0.42)

9

1.06 (0.43)

 − 0.13 (− 0.96–0.70)

 Linoleic acid w-6

3

339.07 (159.55)

7

365.28 (90.39)

 − 26.21 (− 370.48–318.06)

 Alpha linolenic acid w-3

3

9.72 (6.39)

7

9.02 (2.67)

0.70 (− 13.82–15.22)

 Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA w-3

3

20.77 (10.27)

7

18.60 (6.90)

2.17 (− 19.24–23.58)

 Docosahexaenoic acid DHA w-3

3

80.24 (22.51)

7

85.81 (24.10)

 − 5.57 (− 49.15–38.01)

 Ratio w-6:w-3

3

37.57 (6.33)

6

40.43 (3.88)

 − 2.87 (− 16.13–10.39)

 Arachidonic acid

3

378.49 (134.16)

7

346.13 (87.03)

32.35 (− 249.36–314.06)

Coagulation markers

 APTT (s)

2

25.65 (0.07)

9

29.52 (3.95)

 − 3.87 (− 6.91– − 0.83)

 INR

3

1.10 (0.14)

8

1.36 (0.79)

 − 0.26 (− 0.93–0.41)

Inflammation marker

 CRP (mg/L)

2

13.50 (12.02)

6

12.83 (23.60)

0.67 (− 35.27–36.62)

General biochemistry

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

3

124.00 (17.06)

9

111.89 (14.53)

12.11 (− 22.56–46.78)

 White blood cells (× 109/L)

3

7.57 (2.99)

9

5.64 (2.32)

1.92 (− 4.27–8.12)

 Platelets (× 109/L)

3

190.67 (72.02)

9

228.67 (93.73)

 − 38.00 (− 175.93–99.93)

 Sodium (mmol/L)

3

138.33 (1.15)

9

139.22 (2.77)

 − 0.89 (− 3.47–1.70)

 Potassium (mmol/L)

3

3.73 (0.55)

9

4.18 (0.48)

 − 0.44 (− 1.56–0.67)

 Bicarbonate (mmol/L)

3

25.33 (2.52)

9

23.22 (2.17)

2.11 (− 2.99–7.21)

 Phosphate (mmol/L)

3

1.03 (0.19)

9

1.18 (0.21)

 − 0.15 (− 0.52–0.22)

 Calcium (mmol/L)

3

2.21 (0.09)

9

2.31 (0.07)

 − 0.10 (− 0.28–0.09)

 Magnesium (mmol/L)

3

0.76 (0.03)

9

0.83 (0.09)

 − 0.08 (− 0.15–0.00)