Table 2 Spatiotemporal data across groups
From: A feasibility study of objective outcome measures used in clinical trials of freezing of gait
PD-control (no FOG) (n = 17) | Freezers (FOG) (n = 16) | p-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFF | ON | |||||||||||
Median (IQR) | Mean difference control-OFF 95% CI | Effect size | Median (IQR) | Mean difference control-ON 95% CI | Effect size | Median (IQR) | Mean difference OFF-ON 95% CI | Effect size | Control vs OFF | Control vs ON | ON vs OFF (paired) | |
Dual task | ||||||||||||
Velocity (m/s) | 108.9 (95.7, 120.3) | 39.9 (21.0, 58.8) | 1.53 | 74.0 (52.8, 89.9) | 12.1 (−3.1, 27.2) | 0.57 | 95.0 (85.2, 114.3) | −28.2 (−38.9, −17.5) | 1.46 | <0.001 | 0.19 | <0.001 |
Step length (R and L) (cm) | 59.0 (52.4, 68.5) | 20.9 (10.8, 31.1) | 1.49 | 39.5 (29.6, 50.1) | 5.6 (−3.6, 14.9) | 0.43 | 51.9 (48.8, 58.4) | −15.6 (−21.2, −10.0) | 1.55 | <0.01 | 0.14 | <0.001 |
Stride length (R and L) (cm) | 117.9 (102.5, 136.7) | 41.3 (21.0, 61.7) | 1.47 | 79.2 (59.2, 100.2) | 10.9 (−7.7, 29.6) | 0.42 | 104.1 (96.1, 117.7) | −31.3 (−42.6, −20.0) | 1.54 | <0.01 | 0.20 | <0.001 |
Step CV | 4.5 (3.3, 5.9) | −13.1 (−26.6, 0.3) | 0.77 | 7.4 (5.4, 15.0) | −2.1 (−4.1, 0.0) | 0.81 | 6.0 (5.1, 8.7) | 11.0 (−2.3, 24.3) | 0.50 | <0.01 | 0.08 | <0.01 |
Stride CV | 3.2 (2.4, 5.0) | −10.8 (−21.8, 0.3) | 0.77 | 5.3 (4.2, 13.1) | −1.4 (−3.2, 0.5) | 0.59 | 3.9 (3.2, 5.6) | 9.4 (−1.3, 20.2) | 0.53 | 0.01 | 0.25 | <0.01 |
Time to turn (s) | 5.0 (4.3, 5.7) | −13.6 (−25.4, −1.8) | 0.83 | 8.2 (6.2, 19.8) | −1.2 (−2.4, 0.0) | 0.71 | 5.5 (5.0, 6.5) | 12.4 (−0.3, 25.0) | 0.54 | <0.01 | 0.08 | <0.01 |
Single task | ||||||||||||
Velocity (m/s) | 128.2 (114.0, 137.7) | 36.3 (16.3, 56.4) | 1.29 | 94.5 (67.4, 106.9) | 12.8 (−2.8, 28.5) | 0.58 | 111.2 (100.7, 131.8) | −23.5 (−35.0, −12.0) | 1.09 | <0.01 | 0.10 | <0.001 |
Step length (R and L) (cm) | 67.4 (58.6, 73.9) | 16.2 (5.3, 27.1) | 1.06 | 51.3 (39.1, 57.9) | 4.6 (−4.9, 14.0) | 0.34 | 61.2 (54.6, 64.8) | −11.6 (−16.0, −7.3) | 1.43 | <0.01 | 0.40 | <0.001 |
Stride length R and L (cm) | 135.3 (117.5, 148.1) | 31.3 (9.6, 53.1) | 1.02 | 103.0 (78.4, 116.1) | 8.5 (−10.2, 27.1) | 0.32 | 122.7 (109.4, 130.3) | −22.9 (−31.8, −14.0) | 1.37 | <0.01 | 0.35 | <0.001 |
Step CV | 3.9 (2.8, 4.2) | −8.1 (−16.5, 0.4) | 0.76 | 6.4 (5.4, 8.6) | −0.8 (−2.1, 0.5) | 0.46 | 4.0 (3.7, 4.7) | 7.3 (−0.9, 15.5) | 0.54 | <0.01 | 0.33 | <0.001 |
Stride CV | 2.8 (2.1, 3.3) | −7.2 (−15.1, 0.7) | 0.73 | 5.0 (3.7, 7.8) | −0.6 (−1.6, 0.4) | 0.50 | 3.1 (2.7, 3.6) | 6.6 (−1.3, 14.5) | 0.51 | <0.01 | 0.26 | <0.001 |
Time to turn (s) | 4.4 (3.6, 4.8) | −6.9 (−12.5, −1.3) | 0.90 | 6.1 (4.8, 9.9) | −0.9 (−2.0, 0.3) | 0.54 | 4.9 (4.2, 5.4) | 6.0 (0.6, 11.5) | 0.61 | <0.01 | 0.10 | <0.01 |
Interference | ||||||||||||
Velocity (m/s) | −15.3 (−20.1, −8.9) | 5.2 (−6.4, 16.9) | 0.32 | −14.8 (−36.9, −10.1) | −0.8 (−8.1, 6.6) | 0.07 | −13.2 (−24.5, −8.1) | −5.3 (−14.6, 4.1) | 0.31 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.45 |
Step length (R and L) (cm) | −5.4 (−7.1, −3.8) | 5.9 (1.3, 10.6) | 0.93 | −8.6 (−21.5, −6.3) | 1.0 (−2.1, 4.2) | 0.24 | −7.2 (−10.9, −4.1) | −4.4 (−8.4, −0.3) | 0.60 | <0.05 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
Stride length R and L (cm) | −11.0 (−14.1, −8.9) | 12.7 (3.8, 21.7) | 1.03 | −17.3 (−43.6, −12.8) | 2.5 (−3.3 − 8.3) | 0.30 | −14.0 (−21.4, −7.1) | −9.2 (−17.6, −0.9) | 0.61 | <0.01 | 0.28 | 0.06 |
Step CV | 0.7 (−0.6, 2.7) | −5.0 (−14.1, 4.0) | 0.44 | 0.6 (−0.1, 1.6) | −1.3 (−2.7, 0.0) | 0.79 | 2.1 (1.2, 3.2) | 3.7 (−5.8, 13.2) | 0.24 | 0.65 | 0.06 | 0.74 |
Stride CV | 0.9 (−0.9, 1.6) | −3.6 (−10.5, 3.4) | 0.41 | 0.7 (−0.3, 1.2) | −0.7 (−1.9, 0.5) | 0.48 | 1.1 (0.4, 1.9) | 2.8 (−4.5, 10.2) | 0.23 | 0.94 | 0.35 | 0.95 |
Time to turn (s) | 0.6 (0.2, 0.9) | −6.7 (−13.6, 0.2) | 0.70 | 2.1 (0.3, 5.6) | −0.3 (−1.0, 0.3) | 0.36 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.3) | 6.3 (−1.6, 14.2) | 0.44 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 0.17 |