Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of focus group study participants (N=135)

Gender

 Female

 Male

86 (100.0)

0 (0)

23 (95.8)

1 (4.2)

19 (76.0)

6 (24.0)

Age

 Mean age (years)

 Age range (years)

 Missing

17.6

15–18

0

60.3

37–77

1 (4.2)

45.7

18–61

2 (8.0)

Ethnicity

 Shona

 Other

83 (96.5)

3 (3.5)

24 (100.0)

0

23 (92.0)

2 (8.0)

Marital status

 Divorced or separated

 Married—monogamous

 Married—polygamous

 Never married

 Widowed

13 (15.1)

47 (54.7)

4 (4.7)

22 (25.6)

0

0

10 (41.7)

0

0

14 (58.3)

5 (20.0)

7 (28.0)

4 (16.0)

3 (12.0)

6 (24.0)

Highest education level

 Primary (grades 1–7)

 High school (forms 1–4)

 Some College or University

 Bachelor’s

 Other

  None

  Missing

14 (16.3)

71 (82.6)

0

0

0

0

1 (1.2)

1 (4.2)

4 (16.7)

3 (12.5)

1 (4.2)

15 (62.5)

0

0

3 (12.0)

20 (80.0)

0

0

1 (4.0)

1 (4.0)

0

Religious affiliation

 Apostolic

 Christian

 Traditional

 Other

 Missing

17 (19.8)

65 (75.6)

0

3 (3.5)

1(1.2)

2 (8.3)

20 (83.3)

1 (4.2)

1 (4.2)

0

4 (16.0)

21 (84.1)

0

0

0

Main source of income

 Self-employed

 Formerly employed

 Dependent

 None

 Other

 Missing

7 (8.1)

3 (3.5)

43 (50.0)

22 (25.6)

2 (2.3)

1 (1.2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Current employment

 Yes

 No

-

-

24 (100.0)

0

6 (24.0)

19 (76.0)

Prior pregnancy

 Yes

 No

 Missing

76 (88.4)

9 (10.5)

1 (1.2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Number of prior pregnancies

 1

 2

 3

 4

 None

 Missing

61 (70.9)

8 (9.3)

1 (1.2)

1 (1.2)

5 (5.8)

2 (2.3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Children

 Yes

 No

 Missing

64 (74.4)

12 (14.0)

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

Number of children

 Average

 Range

1.1

0–4

-

-

-

-

Place of last birth

 Home

 Clinic

 Hospital

1 (1.2)

28 (32.6)

35 (40.7)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Currently pregnant

 Yes

 No

 Missing

15 (17.4)

68 (79.0)

3 (3.5)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Family know you’re pregnant

 Yes

 No

 Missing

13 (86.7)

1 (6.7)

1 (6.7)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Months currently pregnant

 Average

 Range

 Missing

5.8

3–9

2 (2.3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Attended ANC

 Yes

 No

 Missing

8(53.3)

6(40.0)

1(6.7)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Months pregnant first ANC

 Average

 Range

 Missing

4.6

3–7

3 (3.5)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Number of ANC visits

 Average

 Range

2.4

1–4

-

-

-

-

Frequency of ANC

 Every month

 Other

 Missing

4 (50.0)

2 (25.0)

2 (25.0)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cellphone

 Yes

 No

 Missing

63 (73.3)

19 (22.1)

4 (4.7)

-

-

-

-

-

-

WhatsApp

 Yes

 No

37 (58.7)

26 (41.3)

-

-

-

-