Table 4 Summarized results for pre-test (T0), post-test (T1), and gains (T1–T0) for psychosocial stress factors, mindfulness, emotion regulation factors, and maximal aerobic capacity

Psychosocial stress

PSS-10

20.12 (7.56)

15.88 (4.54)

−4.24 (7.01) [ −7.84,−0.63]

−0.56[ −1.14,−0.06]

−2.49

.024

.020

DASS-21 (S)

28.59 (6.07)

24.00 (5.87)

−4.59 (4.17) [ −6.73,−2.44]

−0.76[ −1.24,−0.52]

−4.54

<.001

<.001

DASS-21 (A)

19.88 (4.82)

20.00 (6.60)

0.12 (4.55) [ −2.22,2.46]

0.02 [ −0.43,0.53]

0.11

.916

.789

DASS-21 (D)

23.76 (7.21)

19.76 (4.63)

−4.00 (6.32) [ −7.25,−0.75]

−0.56[ −0.98,−0.15]

−2.61

.019

.015

WHO-5

54.35 (18.55)

64.00 (12.65)

9.65 (15.75) [1.55, 17.75]

0.52 [0.19, 1.02]

2.53

.023

.028

Mindfulness

MAAS

3.78 (0.70)

4.00 (0.66)

0.22 (0.75) [ −0.17,0.60]

0.31 [ −0.24,0.88]

1.18

.256

.225

Emotion regulation

ERQ-CR

4.31 (1.46)

5.18 (1.18)

0.86 (1.04) [0.33, 1.39]

0.59 [0.22, 1.15]

3.43

.003

.003

RRS-BR

11.00 (4.14)

9.59 (3.36)

−1.41 (2.55) [ −2.72,−0.10]

−0.34[ −0.75,−0.07]

−2.28

.037

.051

PSWQ

50.12 (16.19)

43.94 (11.26)

−6.18 (10.05) [ −11.34,−1.01]

−0.38[ −0.78,−0.05]

−2.53

.022

.012

Aerobic capacity

\(\dot {V}O_{2max}\)

45.34 (7.44)

45.58 (8.91)

0.25 (5.98) [ −2.83,3.32]

0.03 [ −0.51,0.42]

0.17

.868

.642