Raising Well at Home: a pre-post feasibility study of a lifestyle intervention for caregivers and their child with obesity

Haire-Joshu, Debra; Schwarz, Cindy; Jacob, Rebekah; Kristen, Pat; Johnston, Shelly; Quinn, Karyn; Tabak, Rachel

doi:10.1186/s40814-020-00692-0

Pilot and Feasibility Studies

Table 3 Baseline and post-assessment comparison of caregiver and child outcomes

From: Raising Well at Home: a pre-post feasibility study of a lifestyle intervention for caregivers and their child with obesity

	Baseline	Post	p value^a	Effect^b
Caregivers	N = 62	N = 62
BMI kg/m²: median (IQR); N = 61	35.5 (10.3)	34.9 (11.3)	0.016	0.22
Daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake (oz): median (IQR); N = 50	10.1 (27.1)	5.7 (14.6)	0.026	0.22
Times caregiver ate vegetable and fruit (combined), previous day: median (IQR); N = 56	2.0 (2.0)	2.0 (2.0)	0.674	0.04
Times caregiver walked to get some place that took at least 10 min, previous week			0.724	0.13
0–2 times per week	39 (84.8%)	48 (80.0%)
3 or more times per week	7 (15.2%)	12 (20.0%)
Times caregiver walked for at least 10 min for fun, relaxation, exercise, previous week			0.752	0.10
0–2 times per week	33 (70.2%)	44 (75.9%)
3 or more times per week	14 (29.8%)	14 (24.1%)
Hours a day caregiver watches TV or uses a computer/laptop/tablet/iPad (for playing games, emailing, chatting, or surfing on the net) in free time			0.332	0.15
Less than 2 h per day	24 (39.3%)	29 (47.5%)
2+ h per day	37 (60.7%)	32 (52.5%)
Times caregiver ate fast food for a main meal each week			0.179	0.20
Seldom/never	12 (20.0%)	14 (23.0%)
1 time per week	16 (26.7%)	22 (36.1%)
2+ times per week	32 (53.3%)	25 (41.0%)
Soda in the home is			0.002	0.43
Easy to get to (in plain sight or out of sight)	37 (60.7%)	24 (40.0%)
Not in home or hidden and out of reach	24 (39.3%)	36 (60.0%)
Sweet/salty snacks in the home are			0.202	0.33
Easy to get to (in plain sight or out of sight)	58 (93.5%)	52 (86.7%)
Not in home or hidden and out of reach	4 (6.5%)	8 (13.3%)
Children	N = 85	N = 85
BMI percentage of the 95th percentile (%): median (IQR); N = 83	118.3 (35.8)	121.9 (31.8)	0.050	0.15
BMI percentile: median (IQR); N = 83	98.8 (3.5)	98.7 (3.4)	0.010	0.20
BMI z-score: median (IQR); N = 83	2.3 (0.8)	2.2 (0.7)	0.023	0.18
Daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake (oz): median (IQR); N = 70	4.7 (17.9)	2.5 (10.6)	0.006	0.23
Times child ate vegetable and fruit (combined), previous day: median (IQR); N = 78	2.0 (2.0)	2.0 (1.0)	0.388	0.07
Times child walked to get some place that took at least 10 min, previous week			0.803	0.06
0–2 times per week	57 (85.1%)	66 (79.5%)
3 or more times per week	10 (14.9%)	17 (20.5%)
Times child walked for at least 10 min for fun, relaxation, exercise, previous week			0.480	0.11
0–2 times per week	50 (75.8%)	58 (73.4%)
3 or more times per week	16 (24.2%)	21 (26.6%)
Hours per day child watches TV or uses computer/laptop/tablet/iPad (for playing games, emailing, chatting, or surfing on the net) in free time			0.046	0.22
Less than 2 h per day	27 (32.9%)	40 (47.6%)
2+ h per day	55 (67.1%)	44 (52.4%)
Times child ate fast food for a main meal each week			0.007	0.31
Seldom/never	9 (11.4%)	19 (23.2%)
1 time per week	27 (34.2%)	33 (40.2%)
2+ times per week	43 (54.4%)	30 (36.6%)

^ap value from McNemar tests for paired nominal data and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for paired continuous data
^bFor Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (continuous data), effect size was calculated as \( r=\frac{z}{\sqrt{n(obs)}} \). Interpretations for r are 0.1 small, 0.3 medium, and 0.5 large effect. For McNemar tests (proportional data), Cohen’s g for effect size was calculated as \( g=\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)-0.5 \) for a 2 × 2 table where a and d are the concordant cells and b and c are the discordant cells. Interpretations for g are 0.05 to 0.15 small, 0.15 to < 0.25 medium, and > 0.25 large

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