Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
Variable | Yoga (n = 10) | Wait-list control (n = 10) |
|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
Age, years | 63.5 (8.5) | 65.8 (6.6) |
White, n (%) | 5 (50) | 5 (50) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 (2.6) | 24.9 (3.3) |
Education, n (%) | ||
12 years | 0 | 1 (10) |
13–16 years | 7 (70) | 4 (40) |
≥ 17 years | 3 (30) | 5 (50) |
Disease condition (range of scores) | ||
Hoehn and Yahr stage (I–III) | 2 (.8) | 2 (.8) |
Duration of Parkinson’s disease, n (%) | ||
1–5 years | 7 (70) | 4 (40) |
6–10 years | 2 (20) | 6 (60) |
11–15 years | 1 (10) | 0 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
0 | 0 | 2 (20) |
1 | 9 (90) | 5 (50) |
≥ 2 | 1 (10) | 3 (30) |
Oxidative status | ||
Total GSH (μg/ml) | 214.9 (38.3) | 226 (39.4) |
GSH:GSSG ratio | 15.3 (8.1) | 12.5 (1.0) |
MDA (μM) | 45.7 (11.8) | 37.6 (9.6) |
SOD (U/ml) | 448.6 (161.7) | 458.5 (129.1) |
Catalase (nmol/min/ml) | 36,709 (6186) | 30,505 (3892) |
Protein Carbonyl (nmol/ml) | 20.5 (13.8) | 28.4 (17) |
GPx (nmol/min/ml/mg) | 16.8 (4) | 18.5 (5.4) |
Motor function (range of scores) | ||
Motor UPDRS (0–108) | 25.6 (6.9) | 24.4 (7.3) |
LAPAQ level, in minutes | 5745 (4104) | 7344 (3512) |
Non-motor symptoms (range of scores) | ||
MoCA (0–30) | 26.9 (2.2) | 26.1 (2.4) |
Beck Depression Inventory (0–63) | 8.8 (5.9) | 7.1 (5.0) |
PD Sleep Scale (0–150) | 112.3 (22.2) | 107.2 (23.2) |
PDQUALIF | ||
Social and role function (0–100) | 37.5 (18.4) | 35.3 (17.6) |
Self-image and sexuality (0–100) | 37.5 (17.1) | 33.6 (18.8) |
Sleep (0–100) | 25.8 (20.2) | 35.8 (24.6) |
Outlook (0–100) | 36.9 (17.5) | 41.9 (12.9) |
Physical functioning (0–100) | 33.5 (12.3) | 33.5 (16.3) |
Independence (0–100) | 10 (24.2) | 16.3 (23.6) |
Urinary function (0–100) | 61.3 (22.4) | 40 (17.5) |
Global (0–100) | 55 (15.8) | 60 (17.5) |