Key outcomes | Outcome mean (95% CI) adjusted for baseline scores only | Outcome mean (95% CI) adjusted for baseline scores and other covariatesd | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment arms | Treatment arms | |||||
SC | SC+TA | SC+NPA | SC | SC+TA | SC+NPA | |
ODI scorea (0–100) | 31.2 (25.5, 36.9) | 23.2 (17.5, 28.8) | 25.2 (19.1, 31.3) | 31.3 (25.5, 37.0) | 23.3 (17.5, 29.0) | 25.0 (18.8, 31.3) |
PGQb (0–100) | ||||||
Total | 48.3 (40.5, 56.2) | 35.8 (28.0, 43.5) | 40.1 (31.8, 48.3) | 48.3 (40.5, 56.1) | 36.7 (29.0, 44.4) | 40.0 (30.7, 47.2) |
Activity subscale | 47.6 (39.5, 55.7) | 35.3 (27.3, 43.2) | 39.9 (31.4, 48.4) | 47.7 (39.7, 55.7) | 36.2 (28.3, 44.2) | 38.6 (30.1, 47.1) |
Symptom subscale | 52.0 (44.1, 60.0) | 36.2 (28.3, 44.0) | 40.1 (31.7, 48.5) | 52.4 (44.4, 60.3) | 36.0 (28.1, 43.8) | 40.0 (31.5, 48.4) |
Pain severity (pain index)c | 4.1 (3.4, 4.8) | 2.5 (1.8, 3.2) | 2.1 (1.4, 2.9) | 4.1 (3.4, 4.7) | 2.6 (1.9, 3.2) | 2.1 (1.3, 2.8) |