Outcome domain | Instrument | Administered at | Rationale |
---|---|---|---|
Physical activity | Short-Form (7 questions) International Physical Activity Questionnaire [48] | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Primary aim of physiotherapy intervention. Has demonstrated reliability and validity [48] |
Adherence to PA/exercise recommendations | Section B of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (6 items) [49] | Baseline, 3 months, 6-month post-baseline | Primary aim of the physiotherapy intervention. Has demonstrated reliability [49] and validity [50] |
Pain | 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale [51] | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Suggested to include as a core outcome domain in international guidelines [51]. Shown excellent reliability [52] and suggested as more reliable than a visual analogue scale in patients who are older or less literate patients and more useful for demonstrating change [53] |
Function: Self-report | Short-Form Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (SF-HOOS)/Short-From Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (SF-KOOS) [51] | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Suggested to include as a core outcome domain in international guidelines [51]. Have shown good levels of reliability [54, 55] |
Function: Performance based | Five times sit-stand test | Baseline, 3 months, 6-month post-baseline | Direct, observable measure of physical function. Has demonstrated excellent validity and reliability when tested in home setting [56] |
Figure-of-8 walking test | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Direct, observable measure of physical function. Has demonstrated validity and reliability when tested at home [47] | |
Bothersomeness | Bothersomeness Index: 5-point Likert scale | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Outlined as important outcome domain by public involvement representative |
Quality of life | EuroQol 5-domain instrument (EQ-5D) [51] | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | A domain recommended by international guidelines. Has shown good reliability and validity [57] |
Self-efficacy for physical activity/exercise | Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale 9 items [58] | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Outlined as an important influence on behaviour change in preliminary work. Measures several aspects of self-efficacy including perceived barriers to exercise [59]. Valid and reliable [58] |
Motivation regulations to participate in physical activity/exercise | Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 24 items [60, 61] | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Motivation was outlined as important influence on behaviour change in preliminary work. Grounded in SDT. Important stage of intervention process model. Valid [60, 62] and reliability [63] |
Psychological needs satisfaction | A modified version of the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale [64, 65] | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months | Grounded in SDT. Important stage of intervention process model. Valid and reliable [64, 65] |
Social psychological environment/perceptions of autonomy support | Health Care Climate Questionnaire 15 items [66] | 3-month post-baseline | Assesses the participants perceptions of the motivational social climate provided in physiotherapy sessions. Grounded in SDT. Important stage of intervention process model. Identified as an important influence on behaviour change in preliminary work. Reliable [66] |