Table 1 Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

Diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral lower-limb OA based on the NICE guidelines: [1]

males or females ≥ 45 years old as follows:

• Morning joint-related stiffness lasting ≤ 30 min or no morning joint-related stiffness

• Activity-related joint pain

Exclusion criteria

 • A further joint-related pathology that could affect the biomechanics of the hip or knee, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or lumbar nerve root lesion

 • Previously had or awaiting knee or hip joint replacement

 • Wheelchair dependent

 • Unwilling/unable to give informed consent for treatment

 • Unable to communicate fluently in English

 • Diagnosed with a psychiatric illness (e.g. schizophrenia)

 • Diagnosed with an upper motor neuron lesion, e.g. multiple sclerosis

 • Unwilling/unable to attend physiotherapy sessions