Table 4 Study demographic and clinical characteristics
Demographic and clinical characteristics | GloveCare arm (N=360) | Standard arm (N=390) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male gender, n (%) | 208 (57.8) | 238 (61.0) | 0.365 |
Gestation at birth (weeks), mean (sd) | 34.11 (4.7) | 34.41 (4.8) | 0.396 |
Birth weight (grams), mean (sd) | 2332.03 (35.7) | 2452.76 (95.5) | 0.122 |
Apgar score (1 min), mean (sd) | 6.53 (2.5) | 6.69 (2.4) | 0.375 |
Apgar score (5 min), mean (sd) | 7.88 (1.7) | 7.94 (1.6) | 0.624 |
Admitted from | Â | Â | 0.369 (FE) |
 Labour and delivery, n (%) | 257 (71.4) | 281 (72.1) |  |
 Postpartum ward, n (%) | 6 (1.7) | 11 (2.8) |  |
 Community level 2 nursery, n (%) | 93 (25.8) | 97 (24.9) |  |
 Home birth, n (%) | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) |  |
 Vaginal delivery, n (%) | 168 (46.7) | 177 (45.4) | 0.725 |
Rupture of membranes (ROM) | |||
 Ruptured, duration known, n (%) | 351 (97.5) | 388 (99.5) | 0.024 |
 Duration of ROM, mean (sd), among ROM known (glove: n=351; standard: n=388) | 28.93 (132.0) | 36.47 (172.4) | 0.508 |
Prenatal steroid use (in <34 week),n (%) (N=340) | 118 (71.5) | 131 (74.9) | Â |
Risk factors for infection prior to first episode of LOI | Â | ||
 Central venous line (CVL), n (%) | 156 (43.3) | 168 (43.1) |  |
 Peripheral IV access, n (%) | 277 (76.9) | 300 (76.9) |  |
 Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 108 (30.0) | 102 (26.2) |  |
 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), n (%) | 212 (58.9) | 263 (67.4) | 0.283 |
 Neonatal steroid (hydrocortisone), n (%) | 19 (5.3) | 26 (6.7) | 0.044 |
 Acid inhibition, n (%) | 17 (4.7) | 27 (6.9) | 0.086 |
 Ventricular shunt, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 0.373 |
 Surgical PDA ligation, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.487 |
 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), n (%) | 261 (72.5) | 282 (72.3) | 0.944 |
 Duration of TPN, mean (sd) | 7.76 (13.7) | 7.42 (11.4) | 0.995 |
 Human milk, n (%) |  |  | 0.241 |
  Only | 143 (39.7) | 180 (46.2) |  |
  Any | 173 (48.1) | 173 (44.4) |  |
  None | 44 (12.2) | 37 (9.5) |  |
 Probiotics, n (%) | 156 (43.3) | 9 (2.3) | 0.015 |
 Length of stay in the NICU, days, mean (sd) (Includes isolation time) | 22.7 (29.1) | 19.1 (25.2) | 0.079 |
 Total duration of isolation, patient-days | 468 | 304 |  |