Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants randomized to the Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) treatment arm and treatment as usual (control) arm
GDS (n = 15) | Treatment as usual (n = 15) | |
|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (SD) | 59.0 (9.5) | 57.5 (10.2) |
Women, n (%) | 7 (47) | 8 (53) |
Educational level, n (%) | ||
Primary or high school (12 years) | 8 (53) | 9 (60) |
College or university (< 4 years) | 4 (27) | 3 (20) |
University (≥ 4 years) | 3(20) | 3 (20) |
Smoking, n yes (%) | 2 (13) | 2 (13) |
Marital status, n (%) | ||
Married | 13 (87) | 10 (67) |
Cohabitant | 1 (7) | 0 |
Single | 1 (7) | 5 (33) |
Employment status, n | ||
Employed | 6 (40) | 5 (33) |
Sick leave | 4 (27) | 4 (27) |
Disability pension | 4 (27) | 3 (20) |
Unemployed | 0 | 2 (13) |
Age pensioned | 5 (33) | 3 (20) |
Pain localization, n (%) | ||
Back pain | 5 (33) | 9 (60) |
Radiating pain to the buttocks and/or thighs | 9 (60) | 4 (27) |
Sensibility changes in back/buttocks/thighs | 1 (7) | 2 (13) |
Diagnosis, n (%) | ||
Spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis | 9 (60) | 8 (54) |
Spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis | 3 (20) | 2 (13) |
Other degenerative disc disease | 3 (20) | 5 (33) |
Former disc surgerya | 3 (20%) | 3 (20%) |
Pain duration, n (%) | ||
3–12 months | 3 (20) | 8 (54) |
12–24 months | 6 (40) | 1 (7) |
> 2 years | 6 (40) | 6 (40) |
Use pain medication weekly or more, n (%) | 7 (47) | 9 (60) |
Use sleep/relaxation medication weekly or more, n (%) | 2 (13) | 2 (13) |
STaRt Back risk groups, n (%) | ||
Low | 5 (33) | 6 (40) |
Moderate | 8 (53) | 6 (40) |
High | 2 (13) | 3 (20) |