Table 3 Demographic, gambling, and health-related variables at baseline
Variable | I-CBT (N = 22) | Control (N = 21) | Total (N = 43) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 42.5 (13.90) | 45.1 (9.54) | 43.7 (11.90) |
Female, n (%) | 8 (36.4) | 13 (61.9) | 21 (48.8) |
Highest education level, n (%) | |||
Elementary school | 3 (13.64) | 3 (14.28) | 6 (13.95) |
Secondary school | 9 (40.91) | 8 (38.1) | 17 (39.53) |
University | 10 (45.45) | 10 (47.62) | 20 (46.51) |
Types of gambling, n (%) | |||
Online slots | 16 (72.7) | 18 (85.7) | 34 (79.1) |
Online sports betting | 3 (13.6) | 2 (9.5) | 5 (11.6) |
Land-based sports betting | 5 (22.7) | 2 (9.5) | 7 (16.3) |
Horse betting | 6 (27.3) | 2 (9.5) | 8 (18.6) |
Lotteries/number games | 3 (13.6) | 5 (23.8) | 8 (18.6) |
Land-based EGMs | 2 (9.1) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (9.3) |
Land-based casino | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) |
Bingo (in venue or online) | 1 (4.6) | 2 (9.5) | 3 (7.0) |
Online poker | 4 (18.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (9.3) |
Most problematic types of gambling, n (%) | |||
Online slots | 16 (72.7) | 18 (85.7) | 34 (79.1) |
Online sports betting | 2 (9.1) | 1 (4.8) | 3 (7.0) |
Land-based sports betting | 3 (13.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.0) |
Horse betting | 3 (13.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.0) |
Lotteries/number games | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Land-based EGMs | 1 (4.6) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (4.7) |
Land-based casino | 1 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) |
Bingo (in venue or online) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (2.3) |
Online poker | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) |
Previous participation in treatment, n (%) | 3 (13.6) | 4 (19.1) | 7 (16.3) |
Debt due to gambling, median | 200,000 SEK | 300,000 SEK | 215,000 SEK |
Months of problem gambling, median (IQR) | 30.5 (73.8) | 24 (31.5) | 24.5 (53.5) |
Gambling and health-related outcomes, mean (SD) | |||
TLFB-G lost/day (in SEK) | 1095 (1728) | 1221 (2442) | 1155 (2073) |
PGSI | 20.5 (3.84) | 21.7 (3.84) | 21.1 (3.84) |
NODS | 6.2 (2.11) | 6.2 (1.91) | 6.2 (1.99) |
CSPG | 9.3 (2.35) | 10.5 (1.86) | 9.9 (2.20) |
GUS | 9.2 (8.10) | 13.0 (9.12) | 11.0 (8.70) |
GASS | 55.6 (15.70) | 42.4 (27.3) | 49.3 (22.70) |
PHQ-9 | 16.5 (6.12) | 14.8 (5.71) | 15.7 (5.92) |
GAD-7 | 10.5 (5.38) | 9.5 (5.24) | 10.0 (5.28) |
AUDIT-C | 3.7 (2.63) | 3.4 (1.63) | 3.5 (2.19) |
DUDIT-C | 0.09 (0.43) | 0 | 0.05 (0.31) |