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Table 3 Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) used in the MOBILIZE intervention and examples of their use

From: Personalised exercise therapy and self-management support for people with multimorbidity: Development of the MOBILIZE intervention

BCT number and name [56]

Example of how the BCT is used in the intervention and (where)

1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)

Setting a Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Timely (SMART) goals (self-management sessions)

1.2 Problem solving

Prompting the patients to identify barriers to exercise (self-management sessions)

1.4 Action planning

Prompting exercising/being physically active (self-management and exercise therapy sessions)

1.5 Review behaviour goal(s)

Reviewing the SMART goal (self-management sessions)

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

Provide the patients with a diary to record exercise sessions and exertion (exercise therapy sessions)

2.4 Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour

Ask the patients to record the exercise sessions and exertion (exercise therapy sessions)

3.1 Social support (unspecified)

Providing information about patient organisations and community resources that offer support (self-management sessions)

3.3 Social support (emotional)

Arranging emotional support from relatives or carers by inviting them to attend three self-management sessions (self-management sessions)

4.1 Instructions on how to perform a behaviour

Instructions on how to perform mindfulness exercises correctly (self-management sessions) and instructions on how to perform the physical exercises correctly (exercise therapy sessions)

5.1 Information about health consequences

Information about the positive effects of exercise, healthy eating and self-care (self-management sessions)

5.6 Information about emotional consequences

Information about the positive effects of exercising and a healthy lifestyle behaviour on health (self-management sessions)

6.1 Demonstration of the behaviour

Mindful eating exercise (self-management sessions) and demonstration of the exercises (exercise therapy sessions)

8.7 Graded tasks

Exercise progression (exercise therapy sessions)

9.1 Credible sources

The intervention is delivered by health care professionals (self-management and exercise therapy sessions)

10.4 Social reward

The facilitator of the interventions congratulates the patients when performing the exercises correctly and when attending the sessions (self-management and exercise therapy sessions)

11.2 Reduce negative emotions

Using stress management exercises to reduce stress and anxiety (self-management sessions)

12.6 Body changes

Prompt strengthening exercises (self-management and exercise therapy sessions)

15.1 Verbal persuasion about capability

The facilitators are instructed to persuade the patients that they can perform the exercises asserting that they can and will succeed (exercise therapy sessions)