Table 1 Inclusion criteria for the study’s two cohorts: HIV providers and HIV patients

Provider cohort

  1. Healthcare providers or lay workers who provide care and/or services to HIV patients at the selected clinics (e.g., medical officers, clinical officers, HIV nurses, midwife, linkage facilitators, counselors)

  2. Fluent in English or Luganda

  3. 18 years of age or older

Patient cohort

  1. HIV infected

  2. Enrolled in HIV care at the clinic of recruitment

  1. Pre-ART (newly diagnosed) or newly initiated on ART (within 1 year) or struggling with treatment adherence, defined in two ways

  a. Most recent viral load results unsuppressed as assessed through clinic records

  b. Or self-reported nonadherence