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Table 2 Unadjusted descriptive statistics for pain and HRQOL for both groups

From: App-based intervention among adolescents with persistent pain: a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial

Outcomes

Control group

Mean [SD]

Intervention group

Mean [SD]

Effect size

(Cohen’s d)

Pain intensity

 Before intervention T0

5.5 [1.9]

5.4 [1.9]

.08

 After intervention T1a

5.1 [1.65]

5.3 [2.45]

HRQOL

Physical well-being

  T0

50.0 [19.43]

41.6 [21.55]

.16

  T1b

48.9 [17.56]

52.4 [25.56]

Psychological well-being

  T0

54.5 [20.4]

56.8 [23.1]

.10

  T1b

63.9 [23.71]

65.9 [20.74]

Mood

  T0

61.6 [18.81]

55.4 [22.72]

.07

  T1b

68.4 [16.98]

69.7 [20.05]

Self-perception

  T0

46.1 [22.64]

45.7 [23.04]

.01

  T1b

56.8 [24.46]

56.5 [23.37]

Autonomy

  T0

61.6 [17.80]

56.6 [20.23]

.14

  T1b

65.7 [15.67]

62.9 [24.05]

Parents’ relationship

  T0

61.2 [23.44]

68.1 [24.64]

.23

  T1b

65.8 [28.92]

72.1 [26.18]

Social support

  T0

56.6 [23.69]

63.3 [18.40]

.13

  T1b

66.7 [17.75]

69.1 [20.68]

School environment

  T0

52.7 [20.32]

55.0 [19.77]

.49

  T1b

57.4 [28.50]

69.1 [16.74]

  1. aControl group n = 14, intervention group n = 19
  2. bControl group n = 14, intervention group n = 17