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Table 3 Postural way in the near-tandem quiet standing test and gait parameters in the 6-min walk test [median (interquartile range)]

From: Pain, balance, and mobility in people 1 year after total knee arthroplasty: a non-randomized cross-sectional pilot study contrasting posterior-stabilized and medial-pivot designs

 

PS-TKA

(n = 20)

MP-TKA

(n = 18)

Controls

(n = 19)

K-W

PS-TKA vs

MP-TKA

PS-TKA vs Controls

MP-TKA vs Controls

p value

p value

ES

p value

ES

p value

ES

The near tandem quiet standing test

Lumbar

  AP sway range (°)

1.36 (1.03 to 2.16)

1.69 (1.16 to 2.33)

1.26 (0.81 to 1.38)

0.041*

0.287

 − 0.13

0.117

 − 0.32

0.011 †

 − 0.49

  ML sway range (°)

1.74 (1.15 to 2.24)

1.53 (1.03 to 2.45)

2.15 (1.15 to 2.67)

0.953

0.717

0.06

0.443

 − 0.22

0.822

 − 0.15

  RMS angular velocity (°/s)

1.69 (1.29 to 1.94)

1.69 (1.43 to 2.36)

1.33 (1.10 to 2.38)

0.784

0.601

 − 0.08

0.255

 − 0.01

0.301

 − 0.05

Head

  AP sway range (°)

2.65 (2.05 to 3.96)

3.55 (2.41 to 4.52)

2.26 (1.69 to 2.96)

0.023*

0.234

 − 0.28

0.100

 − 0.28

0.006 †

 − 0.35

  ML sway range (°)

3.59 (2.34 to 4.73)

4.20 (2.10 to 7.51)

3.70 (2.32 to 5.06)

0.219

0.355

 − 0.15

0.717

 − 0.01

0.796

 − 0.01

  RMS angular velocity (°/s)

2.79 (1.85 to 3.28)

3.27 (2.25 to 3.93)

2.41 (1.98 to 4.41)

0.314

0.212

 − 0.20

0.959

 − 0.03

0.301

 − 0.08

6-min walk test

  Cadence (steps/min)

109.97

(102.70 to 113.96)

110.13

(102.90 to 114.91)

113.87

(113.00 to 119.64)

0.004*

0.585

 − 0.02

0.006†

 − 0.31

0.033

 − 0.40

  Stride time variability (ms)

23.86 (19.19 to 31.64)

23.09 (19.00 to 30.89)

16.46 (12.58 to 19.28)

 > 0.001*

0.984

 − 0.03

0.001 †

 − 0.50

0.001 †

 − 0.52

  Step time asymmetry (%)

3.09 (1.34 to 7.88)

3.80 (1.85 to 5.74)

1.34 (0.80 to 2.76)

0.005*

0.516

 − 0.12

0.046

 − 0.04

0.007 †

 − 0.40

Lumbar displacement (cm)

  RMS AP

0.94 (0.80 to 1.10)

0.88 (0.66 to 0.98)

1.00 (0.92 to 1.13)

0.138

0.235

 − 0.19

0.737

 − 0.08

0.098

 − 0.27

  RMS ML

1.41 (1.28 to 1.59)

1.49 (1.27 to 2.05)

1.08 (0.74 to 1.36)

0.002*

0.351

 − 0.01

0.035

 − 0.40

0.002 †

 − 0.49

  RMS VT

0.99 (0.91 to 1.18)

0.91 (0.83 to 1.21)

1.30 (1.07 to 1.62)

0.001*

0.482

 − 0.11

0.009 †

 − 0.40

0.001 †

 − 0.50

Head displacement (cm)

  RMS AP

0.32 (0.27 to 0.40)

0.35 (0.27 to 0.47)

0.31 (0.22 to 0.37)

0.640

0.658

 − 0.07

0.698

 − 0.09

0.191

 − 0.16

  RMS ML

2.64 (1.98 to 3.06)

2.35 (1.80 to 2.87)

1.45 (1.05 to 1.83)

 < 0.001*

0.875

 − 0.08

 < 0.001†

 − 0.54

 < 0.001 †

 − 0.55

  RMS VT

0.87 (0.751 to 1.02)

0.89 (0.73 to 1.12)

1.15 (1.05 to 1.53)

 < 0.001*

0.699

 − 0.06

0.001†

 − 0.45

0.003†

 − 0.41

Lumbar harmonic ratio

  AP

1.83 (1.63 to 2.05)

1.67 (1.53 to 1.79)

1.95 (1.75 to 2.19)

0.010*

0.273

 − 0.34

0.542

 − 0.33

0.007 †

 − 0.38

  ML

0.76 (0.66 to 0.88)

0.79 (0.73 to 0.96)

0.83 (0.77 to 1.00)

0.020*

0.942

 − 0.04

0.109

 − 0.31

0.017

 − 0.42

  VT

1.88 (1.62 to 1.97)

1.67 (1.44 to 1.85)

1.90 (1.80 to 2.11)

0.011*

0.633

 − 0.15

0.241

 − 0.21

0.008 †

 − 0.44

Head harmonic ratio

  AP

1.41 (1.27 to 1.48)

1.41 (1.28 to 1.47)

1.56 (1.47 to 1.79)

 < 0.001*

0.903

 − 0.07

0.001 †

 − 0.37

 < 0.001†

 − 0.53

  ML

0.87 (0.80 to 1.02)

0.82 (0.80 to 0.92)

0.89 (0.76 to 0.95)

0.015*

0.965

 − 0.14

0.034

 − 0.48

0.009 †

 − 0.44

  VT

1.99 (1.77 to 2.15)

1.91 (1.72 to 2.15)

2.14 (2.01 to 2.44)

0.003*

0.699

 − 0.06

0.019

 − 0.32

0.005 †

 − 0.40

  1. AP anteroposterior, ES effect size, K-W Kruskal–Wallis test, ML mediolateral, MP-TKA medial pivot total knee arthroplasty, PS-TKA posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty, RMS root mean square, VT vertical
  2. *Denotes significant difference at p < 0.05 using Kruskal–Wallis test
  3. †Denotes significant difference from control at p < 0.05/3 using Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni adjustment
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Pilot and Feasibility Studies

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