Table 4 Matching the urban men’s barriers to accessing HIV testing services with proposed HIV self-testing delivery strategies

Stigma (negative attitudes and beliefs about people living with HIV)

Internal motivation strategies

Lack of knowledge on the use of HIVST

Use of videos for HIVST pre- and post-testing counselling

Ignorance

• Promotion of self-testing via TV adverts

• Promotion of self-testing via social media

• Incorporating mHealth within HIVST providing clear instructions

Fear

• Internal motivation strategies

• Partner testing

Psychology (mental turbulence of any type which distracts or prevent men from interacting with HIV services)

Internal motivation strategies