Table 4 Physiological measures
Variable | HIIT A | HIIT B | MICT | All |
|---|---|---|---|---|
V̇O2peak (L/min) | ||||
 Baseline | 1.55±0.30 | 2.09±0.86 | 2.25±0.62 | 1.96±0.70 |
 Post-training | 1.72±0.29 | 2.31±0.88 | 2.53±0.69 | 2.18±0.74 |
V̇O2peak (mL/kg-1/min-1) | ||||
 Baseline | 24.28±4.91 | 24.65±7.67 | 29.33±9.04 | 25.77±7.25 |
 Post-training | 27.06±4.82 | 27.48±8.23 | 33.05±9.90 | 28.81±7.83 |
Peak power output (W) | ||||
 Baseline | 119±22 | 148±67 | 176±34 | 148±51 |
 Post-training | 140±22 | 181±80 | 206±39 | 176±60 |
Overall physical activity (ENMO; mg) | ||||
 Baseline | 10.44±2.47 | 13.40±4.84 | 10.72±0.75 | 11.52±3.24 |
 Post-training | 11.11±3.79 | 16.35±6.01 | 12.28±3.61 | 13.25±4.85 |
MVPA (min) | ||||
 Baseline | 35.84±20.92 | 59.40±28.95 | 41.64±6.20 | 45.63±21.98 |
 Post-training | 41.02±18.14 | 77.83±37.21 | 43.82±14.36 | 54.22±29.13 |
Body mass (kg) | ||||
 Baseline | 61.64±9.70 | 77.60±24.60 | 74.70±7.30 | 71.51±17.54 |
 Mid-training | 61.90±8.55 | 78.80±25.37 | 74.98±8.93 | 72.15±18.07 |
 Post-training | 61.62±9.42 | 78.45±26.20 | 74.98±8.45 | 71.91±18.56 |
 3 months post-training | 62.16±9.68 | 79.92±27.23 | 75.53±9.36 | 72.83±19.36 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
 Baseline | 23.58±2.25 | 25.92±5.97 | 24.00±2.09 | 24.63±4.04 |
 Mid-training | 23.74±2.07 | 26.28±6.18 | 24.03±2.54 | 24.83±4.22 |
 Post-training | 23.64±2.31 | 26.13±6.53 | 24.00±2.44 | 24.73±4.41 |
 3 months post-training | 23.88±2.85 | 26.65±6.93 | 24.23±2.68 | 25.08±4.77 |
Body fat (%) | ||||
 Baseline | 27.68±8.44 | 28.08±10.19 | 20.63±7.10 | 25.96±8.91 |
 Mid-training | 27.08±9.13 | 28.80±10.83 | 21.40±8.47 | 26.25±9.53 |
 Post-training | 28.52±9.73 | 29.68±11.02 | 20.30±7.30 | 26.79±9.93 |
 3 months post-training | 27.80±10.26 | 30.02±11.72 | 20.65±8.22 | 26.78±10.45 |
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | ||||
 Baseline | 24.62±5.48 | 31.08±11.40 | 32.93±2.81 | 29.42±8.34 |
 Mid-training | 25.02±5.34 | 31.25±11.37 | 32.68±3.23 | 29.55±8.24 |
 Post-training | 24.42±5.82 | 30.58±11.33 | 33.23±2.78 | 29.23±8.41 |
 3 months post-training | 24.70±5.52 | 31.08±11.53 | 33.30±2.98 | 29.55±8.45 |
Fat free mass (kg) | ||||
 Baseline | 44.56±9.41 | 56.02±18.97 | 59.05±4.12 | 53.01±14.05 |
 Mid-training | 45.14±9.11 | 56.18±18.90 | 58.50±4.69 | 53.12±13.82 |
 Post-training | 44.14±10.02 | 55.25±18.94 | 59.38±3.92 | 52.65±14.21 |
 3 months post-training | 44.78±9.49 | 55.73±19.06 | 59.50±4.37 | 53.09±14.11 |
Lean mass (kg) | ||||
 Baseline | 42.10±8.92 | 52.72±17.89 | 55.63±4.00 | 49.95±13.23 |
 Mid-training | 42.66±8.75 | 52.83±17.83 | 55.08±4.59 | 50.04±13.04 |
 Post-training | 41.68±9.44 | 51.82±17.77 | 55.90±3.80 | 49.53±13.31 |
 3 months post-training | 42.30±9.06 | 52.43±18.01 | 56.05±4.22 | 50.02±13.31 |
Fat mass (kg) | ||||
 Baseline | 16.94±5.29 | 21.58±10.96 | 15.75±6.48 | 18.48±8.19 |
 Mid-training | 16.70±5.82 | 22.62±12.17 | 16.48±7.83 | 19.01±9.22 |
 Post-training | 18.98±9.31 | 23.30±12.72 | 15.60±6.85 | 19.81±10.15 |
 3 months post-training | 17.38±7.30 | 24.18±14.58 | 16.03±7.81 | 19.74±10.89 |
Sit-to-stand 60 (reps) | ||||
 Baseline | 35±9 | 37±7 | 29±9 | 34±9 |
 Mid-training | 40±3 | 41±11 | 30±14 | 38±12 |
 Post-training | 45±13 | 41±11 | 31±13 | 40±13 |
 3 months post-training | 46±16 | 43±15 | 33±11 | 42±15 |
Sit-to-stand 5 (sec) | ||||
 Baseline | 8.59±2.69 | 7.96±1.27 | 10.89±3.11 | 8.95±2.50 |
 Mid-training | 7.65±2.01 | 7.62±2.23 | 11.04±3.62 | 8.54±2.86 |
 Post-training | 7.25±1.97 | 6.88±1.70 | 10.69±4.33 | 8.02±2.99 |
 3 months post-training | 7.04±2.05 | 6.78±1.97 | 8.90±2.43 | 7.43±2.17 |
Gait Speed (m/s) | ||||
 Baseline | 1.14±0.10 | 1.22±0.07 | 1.12±0.03 | 1.17±0.08 |
 Mid-training | 1.21±0.17 | 1.29±0.18 | 1.14±0.06 | 1.24±0.16 |
 Post-training | 1.18±0.16 | 1.26±0.15 | 1.17±0.02 | 1.22±0.14 |
 3 months post-training | 1.20±0.13 | 1.28±0.11 | 1.18±0.02 | 1.23±0.11 |
Calf strength left (kg) | ||||
 Baseline | 40.84±9.53 | 78.24±52.93 | 63.42±31.81 | 64.65±40.05 |
 Mid-training | 40.87±11.36 | 71.33±53.82 | 65.43±21.84 | 62.86±37.56 |
 Post-training | 42.87±6.05 | 75.83±57.38 | 64.67±19.42 | 66.78±21.84 |
 3 months post-training | 45.21±13.33 | 78.87±60.01 | 62.19±3.03 | 65.14±41.16 |
Calf strength right (kg) | ||||
 Baseline | 39.68±11.61 | 68.93±47.86 | 55.08±22.13 | 55.03±22.13 |
 Mid-training | 41.36±7.20 | 74.11±51.99 | 66.24±11.05 | 63.76±36.35 |
 Post-training | 46.27±4.09 | 76.65±52.18 | 64.32±22.99 | 66.28±37.03 |
 3 months post-training | 50.58±11.53 | 72.91±54.78 | 67.86±15.61 | 65.44±37.03 |
Resting heart rate (beats/min) | ||||
 Baseline | 77±4 | 76±4 | 83±6 | 78±5 |
 Mid-training | 75±8 | 68±5 | 74±7 | 72±7 |
 Post-training | 76±8 | 67±4 | 78±7 | 73±7 |
 3 months post-training | 73±6 | 72±5 | 80±4 | 74±6 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
 Baseline | 122±12 | 131±17 | 135±12 | 129±14 |
 Mid-training | 123±10 | 129±22 | 128±12 | 127±15 |
 Post-training | 122±11 | 122±13 | 125±12 | 123±11 |
 3 months post-training | 125±15 | 131±20 | 125±7 | 127±15 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
 Baseline | 84±6 | 79±6 | 89±10 | 83±8 |
 Mid-training | 80±9 | 78±4 | 84±10 | 80±8 |
 Post-training | 80±4 | 75±6 | 81±10 | 78±7 |
 3 months post-training | 86±4 | 80±7 | 81±11 | 82±7 |
Stroke volume (ml/beat) | ||||
 Baseline | 79.84±7.91 | 102.41±28.97 | 102.51±15.96 | 94.91±22.22 |
 Mid-training | 82.81±13.41 | 118.05±45.48 | 107.88±9.85 | 103.59±32.56 |
 Post-training | 83.09±13.78 | 106.18±32.87 | 106.25±3.93 | 98.50±23.89 |
 3 months post-training | 80.75±14.49 | 97.94±30.27 | 98.96±7.49 | 92.40±21.73 |
Cardiac output (L/min) | ||||
 Baseline | 6.15±0.38 | 7.76±2.29 | 8.49±1.14 | 7.41±1.82 |
 Mid-training | 6.10±0.60 | 7.82±2.46 | 7.86±0.21 | 7.26±1.73 |
 Post-training | 6.22±0.62 | 7.17±2.47 | 7.32±0.21 | 6.89±1.86 |
 3 months post-training | 5.80±1.34 | 7.08±2.47 | 7.85±0.53 | 6.86±1.86 |
Total peripheral resistance (dyn·s·cm5) | ||||
 Baseline | 1263.33±95.53 | 1113.84±349.26 | 1018.25±231.25 | 1138.18±259.98 |
 Mid-training | 1296.07±199.15 | 1096.22±358.49 | 1024.67±94.46 | 1143.76±269.16 |
 Post-training | 1235.00±129.58 | 1130.47±529.04 | 967.25±91.56 | 1121.79±343.49 |
 3 months post-training | 1440.60±324.73 | 1267.70±470.79 | 981.17±146.75 | 1248.92±384.26 |
Cholesterol (mmol/l) | ||||
 Baseline | 4.24±0.36 | 4.11±0.56 | 4.48±0.97 | 4.26±0.66 |
 Post-training | 4.22±0.91 | 4.19±0.81 | 4.12±0.65 | 4.12±0.65 |
Total cholesterol/HDL Ratio | ||||
 Baseline | 3.56±1.07 | 3.20±1.11 | 3.33±0.87 | 3.27±0.95 |
 Post-training | 3.10±0.75 | 3.33±1.14 | 3.25±0.88 | 3.22±0.90 |
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | ||||
 Baseline | 1.59±0.27 | 1.03±0.17 | 2.06±1.49 | 1.49±0.91 |
 Post-training | 1.38±0.43 | 1.07±0.37 | 1.71±1.25 | 1.39±0.76 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | ||||
 Baseline | 107.00±20.25 | 133.00±60.15 | 137.17±58.34 | 126.45±50.10 |
 Post-training | 106.00±25.43 | 132.50±51.88 | 142.67±64.05 | 127.60±49.70 |
Phosphate (mmol/l) | ||||
 Baseline | 0.87±0.21 | 1.06±0.25 | 1.09±0.24 | 1.01±0.25 |
 Post-training | 0.89±0.22 | 1.09±0.20 | 1.02±0.25 | 1.01±0.23 |
Iron (μmol/L) | ||||
 Baseline | 17.40±5.94 | 13.13±4.39 | 17.67±6.35 | 15.68±5.62 |
 Post-training | 13.00±4.85 | 13.13±4.36 | 15.83±3.71 | 13.95±4.26 |