Table 3 Code system
Code # | Code | Sub-code | Definition | Example quotes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Diabetes disease perspective | How participants view diabetes as a disease and how they describe it when discussing the intervention. Discussions about how diabetes relates to them are also useful. | “This whole experience is just a rollercoaster. Every day you do everything right, you take your blood sugar levels and it’s all over the map” | |
1.1 | Balance/control | When participants discuss dealing with aspects of their lives in relation to diabetes. Reference could be to diabetes as a disease, navigating the learning curve of diabetes, or managing diabetes. | “Sometimes I’m good, sometimes I’m not so good. Sometimes the experiences are good, sometimes they’re not good.” | |
1.2 | Behavior change | Mention of action taken to improve self-management of diabetes which includes a behavioral change by participants. | “In my life I found out that I have a lot more power to choose what I do” | |
2 | Identity | Any mention of how participants view themselves or how society may view them. | “Many of us could relate to it, you know, we’ve experience it or we’re living it” | |
2.1 | SES | Experiences that participants describe which are related to the individual’s socioeconomic status (positive or negative). This may include costs of treatment and living expenses. | “It can become, it can become taxing on the pocketbook” | |
2.2 | Race | Any mention of race as a social construct, whether related to the personal identity of the participant or in relation to society in general. | “So, this disease impacts African Americans somewhat differently based on culture” | |
3 | Health literacy/knowledge | Mention of information learned from the CBT intervention. | “You know, the materials made you think about things that you hadn’t thought about” | |
4 | Coping | Mentions of how the participant has been able to handle the stresses of diabetes management. | “that particular session did have an effect on what I ate during that stressful situation” | |
5 | Information sharing | Sharing of information with others concerning diabetes management and coping mechanisms. | “I learned a lot of information from each and every one of them” | |
5.1 | In-group | Sharing of information in a given treatment group. | “And we learned some things from each other [Group members verbally agreeing]” | |
5.2 | Public | Discussions of disseminating information to the public. | “They gotta get it out. In, you know, be it in spurts or increments” | |
6 | Self-efficacy | Reflections on how participants have acted to improve their health when managing their diabetes as a result of the information learned from the CBT/MI intervention. | “So, I specifically went to the store and started buying vegetables instead of buying other things” | |
7 | Acceptability | Mentions of how well received the information was by the group and how they believe it would be received by other African American/ Black people. | “I think the materials were really helpful.” | |
7.1 | Application | Mention of acceptability of material that leads to the application of learned material. | “Umm, problem solving, you know, um, and just kind of trying to give you options and things to think about, uh, day-to-day” | |
8 | Agreement | When participants express that they have had the same, or similar, experiences. Verbal and non-verbal cues in the transcript should be coded. | “I think because I feel like it’s more people that are around that are going through some of the same things.” | |
8.1 | Treatment agreement | When participants express similar experiences in relation to treatment (good or bad) | “They’ve been eye opening. They’ve been, they’ve been very direct [Other participant: Mhm hmm] and it’s kind of made me think out of the box” | |
9 | Social support network | Any mention of being encouraged or finding refuge from others. | “We really had a great group” | |
9.1 | In-group support | Encouragement or refuge from the intervention group. | “Well the intervention made me feel like, well I’m not the only one” | |
9.2 | At-home/societal support | Encouragement or refuge from people outside of the intervention group. | No data coded. | |
10 | Mental health | Any indication of psychological status from study participants. | “I feel a reduction in my life, and does it ever get any better?” | |
10.1 | Positive mental health | Any indication of positive experiences related to the patient’s state of mind and diabetes management. | “help you evolve, you know, into a better person. So, it’s been, it’s been real good.” | |
10.2 | Negative mental health | Any mention of desperation or loss of hope from participants. | “I would say depressed sometimes.” | |
11 | Stress | Any mention of psychological or emotional distress from participants. | “And something that really just “stress me out , and automatically I would’ve went to eating something that, you know, people say comfort food or whatever.” | |
12 | Intervention receptivity and mindset | Discussions about how well-received study materials and intervention were by participants and what their state of mind was. | “It’s making me feel like I can grow, you know, dealing with them and they’ve changed a lot of things, you know, as far as medication and all.” | |
12.1 | Positive reception | Discussions of when intervention materials were well received. | “One thing it helped me with is periodically I know I was gonna feel accountable when we had the meeting, so it kind of inspired me to do better” | |
12.2 | Negative reception | Discussions of when intervention materials were not well received. | No data coded. | |
13 | Environmental and ecological factors | Discussions about how participant environment affected the use of materials from the study intervention by participants. | “Go to a cooking class and learn how to make the foods that you like in a different way” | |
14 | CBT/MI impact | Any mention of how CBT/MI has contributed to the treatment of disease or how the information has been received by participants. | ||
14.1 | Positive CBT/MI | How CBT/MI has contributed to participants positively. | “It was helpful.” | |
14.2 | Negative CBT/MI | How CBT/MI has contributed to participants negatively. | No data coded. | |
14.3 | CBT/MI improvement | How CBT/MI can be improved. | “I think that we could’ve gotten suggestions. Recipes or things to avoid.” |