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Table 7 Costs, EQ5D scores and QALY estimates at baseline and follow-up

From: Improving outcomes among young adults with type 1 diabetes: the D1 Now pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

Variable/time point

Baseline

Follow-up: 12 months

Intervention arm 1

Intervention arm 2

Control arm

Intervention arm 1

Intervention arm 2

Control arm

N = 23

N = 23

N = 9

N = 23

N = 23

N = 9

External support worker

Internal support worker

Treatment as usual

External support worker

Internal support worker

Treatment as usual

€

Mean (SD)

€

Mean (SD)

€

Mean (SD)

€

Mean (SD)

€

Mean (SD)

€

Mean (SD)

Resource item

GP visits

125.00

(122.98)

119.05

(94.51)

205.56

(194.37)

50.00

(77.83)

60.00

(62.22)

95.83

(84.29)

Practice Nurse visits

0.00

(0.00)

14.64

(41.58)

4.56

(13.67)

11.71

(43.83)

28.94

(57.55)

0.00

(0.00)

Psychologist visit

148.50

(407.33)

77.79

(177.49)

0.00

(0.00)

169.71

(635.01)

247.5

(648.24)

643.50

(1576.25)

Diabetes Specialist Nurse visit

28.66

(22.21)

28.43

(24.57)

28.43

(31.46)

9.08

(18.07)

21.61

(18.37)

8.75

(10.71)

Dietician visit

81.71

(172.42)

58.50

(82.08)

90.28

(68.52)

20.00

(40.98)

15.29

(36.55)

43.33

(53.07)

Diabetes Day Centre

259.12

(192.89)

318.53

(175.65)

219.11

(106.32)

294.67

(215.69)

165.75

(128.95)

113.33

(133.71)

Outpatient visits

110.5

(407.15)

34.00

(78.52)

120.89

(208.98)

68.00

(218.32)

51.00

(97.76)

102.00

(204.00)

Inpatient days

133.29

(446.06)

540.16

(1469.15)

103.67

(311.00)

0.00

(0.00)

54.88

(226.29)

0.00

(0.00)

A&E visits

109.64

(178.52)

95.71

(175.45)

357.33

(379.01)

19.14

(71.63)

110.35

(165.72)

134.00

(146.79)

SA insulin

347.03

(196.59)

297.08

(148.92)

301.90

(174.53)

271.23

(194.44)

343.25

(184.88)

313.08

(198.59)

LA insulin

341.42

(137.91)

407.16

(180.22)

320.61

(69.76)

337.74

(167.94)

420.61

(170.97)

392.81

(125.39)

Ultra-LA insulin

0.00

(0.00)

0.00

(0.00)

396.48

(0.00)

0.00

(0.00)

0.00

(0.00)

352.43

(0.00)

Insulin pump

3439

(0.00)

3439

(0.00)

3439

(0.00)

3439

(0.00)

3439

(0.00)

3439

(0.00)

Multiple daily injections

612

(0.00)

612

(0.00)

612

(0.00)

612

(0.00)

612

(0.00)

612

(0.00)

Total healthcare cost

2550.56

(1358.01)

3006.50

(1844.00)

2680.69

(1674.14)

2139.59

(1488.82)

2474.12

(1761.75)

2216.51

(2705.10)

D1 Now intervention cost

      

1803.57

(0.00)

1281.41

(0.00)

€0.00

(0.00)

Total costs

      

3943.59

(1488.82)

3755.12

(1761.75)

2216.51

(2705.10))

Health outcome

EQ-5D-5L Score

0.8

(0.2)

0.9

(0.1)

0.8

(0.2)

0.9

(0.2)

0.8

(0.2)

0.8

(0.2)

QALY gained

      

0.9

(0.2)

0.9

(0.1)

0.8

(0.2)

  1. Completeness of data:
  2. External support worker: Baseline—0% missing data for GP visits, 4% for Practice Nurse visits, 4% for Psychologist visit, 4% for Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, 0% for Dietician Visit, 4% for Diabetes Day Centre visits, 22% for outpatient visits, 4% for hospital inpatient nights, 0% for A&E visits, 9% for insulin therapy, 9% insulin device used and 0% for EQ-5D-5L
  3. External support worker: Follow-up—39% missing data on GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, outpatient visits, hospital inpatient nights, A&E visits insulin therapy, insulin device used, EQ-5D-5L and QALYs
  4. Internal support worker: Baseline—4% missing data on GP visits, 9% Practice Nurse visits, 9% for Psychologist visit, 9% for Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, 13% for Dietician Visit, 9% for Diabetes Day Centre visits, 30% for outpatient visits, 9% for hospital inpatient nights, 9% for A&E visits, 4% for insulin therapy, 4% insulin device used, and 0% for EQ-5D-5L
  5. Internal support worker: Follow-up—26% missing data on GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, hospital inpatient nights, A&E visits, insulin therapy, insulin device used, EQ-5D-5L and QALYs. 30% missing data for outpatient visits
  6. Treatment as usual: Baseline—0% missing data for GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, outpatient visits, A&E visits, hospital inpatient nights, insulin therapy, insulin device used and EQ-5D-5L.
  7. Treatment as usual: Follow-up—33 % missing data on GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, hospital inpatient nights, A&E visits, for insulin therapy, insulin device used, EQ-5D-5L and QALYs. 56% missing data for outpatient visits
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Pilot and Feasibility Studies

ISSN: 2055-5784