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Table 6 Resource use and EQ-5D-5L estimates at baseline and follow-up

From: Improving outcomes among young adults with type 1 diabetes: the D1 Now pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

Variable/time point

Baseline

Follow-up: 12 months

Intervention arm 1

Intervention arm 2

Control arm

Intervention arm 1

Intervention arm 2

Control arm

N = 23

N = 23

N = 9

N = 23

N = 23

N = 9

External support worker

Internal support worker

Treatment as usual

External support worker

Internal support worker

Treatment as usual

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Resource item

 GP visits

2.5

(2.5)

2.4

(1.9)

4.1

(3.9)

1.00

(1.6)

1.2

(1.2)

1.9

(1.7)

 Practice Nurse visits

0.0

(0.0)

0.4

(1.0)

0.1

(0.3)

0.3

(1.1)

0.7

(1.4)

0.0

(0.0)

 Psychologist visit

1.5

(4.1)

0.8

(1.8)

0.0

(0.0)

1.7

(6.4)

2.5

(6.6)

6.5

(15.9)

 Diabetes Specialist Nurse visit

2.2

(1.7)

2.2

(1.9)

2.2

(2.4)

0.7

(1.4)

1.7

(1.4)

0.7

(0.8)

 Dietician visit

1.3

(2.7)

0.9

(1.3)

1.4

(1.1)

0.3

(0.6)

0.2

(0.6)

0.7

(0.8)

 Diabetes Day Centre

1.9

(1.4)

2.3

(1.3)

1.6

(0.8)

2.2

(1.6)

1.2

(1.0)

0.8

(1.0)

 Outpatient visits

0.8

(3.0)

0.3

(0.6)

0.9

(1.5)

0.5

(1.6)

0.4

(0.7)

0.8

(1.5)

 Inpatient days

0.1

(0.5)

0.6

(1.6)

0.1

(0.3)

0.0

(0.0)

0.1

(0.2)

0.0

(0.0)

 A&E visits

0.4

(0.7)

0.4

(0.7)

1.3

(1.4)

0.1

(0.3)

0.4

(0.6)

0.5

(0.5)

 SA insulin*

15

(65%)

18

(78%)

6

(67%)

11

(48%)

16

(70%)

6

(67%)

 LA insulin*

12

(52%)

11

(48%)

6

(67%)

6

(26%)

7

(30%)

4

(44%)

 Ultra-LA insulin*

0

(0%)

0

(0%)

1

(11%)

0

(0%)

0

(0%)

1

(11%)

 Insulin pump*

8

(35%)

10

(43%)

2

(22%)

6

(26%)

8

(35%)

2

(22%)

 Multiple daily injections*

13

(57%)

12

(52%)

7

(78%)

8

(35%)

8

(35%)

4

(44%)

  1. GP general practitioner, A&E accident and emergency, SA short acting, LA long acting
  2. Completeness of data:
  3. External support worker: Baseline—0% missing data for GP visits, 4% for practice nurse visits, 4% for Psychologist visit, 4% for Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, 0% for Dietician Visit, 4% for Diabetes Day Centre visits, 22% for outpatient visits, 4% for hospital inpatient nights, 0% for A&E visits, 9% for insulin therapy, 9% insulin device used and 0% for EQ-5D-5L
  4. External support worker: Follow-up—39% missing data on GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, outpatient visits, hospital inpatient nights, A&E visits insulin therapy, insulin device used, EQ-5D-5L and QALYs
  5. Internal support worker: Baseline—4% missing data on GP visits, 9% Practice Nurse visits, 9% for Psychologist visit, 9% for Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, 13% for Dietician Visit, 9% for Diabetes Day Centre visits, 30% for outpatient visits, 9% for hospital inpatient nights, 9% for A&E visits, 4% for insulin therapy, 4% insulin device used, and 0% for EQ-5D-5L
  6. Internal support worker: Follow-up—26% missing data on GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, hospital inpatient nights, A&E visits, insulin therapy, insulin device used, EQ-5D-5L and QALYs. 30% missing data for outpatient visits
  7. Treatment as usual: Baseline—0% missing data for GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, outpatient visits, A&E visits, hospital inpatient nights, insulin therapy, insulin device used and EQ-5D-5L
  8. Treatment as usual: Follow-up—33% missing data on GP visits, Practice Nurse visits, Psychologist visit, Diabetes Specialist Nurse visits, Dietician Visit, Diabetes Day Centre visits, hospital inpatient nights, A&E visits, for insulin therapy, insulin device used, EQ-5D-5L and QALYs 56% missing data for outpatient visits
  9. *Annualised costs were estimated and applied for insulin, pump and multiple daily injections
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Pilot and Feasibility Studies

ISSN: 2055-5784