Table 2 Patient outcome measures taken at baseline and 12 months
Construct to be measured | How was it measured? |
|---|---|
Demographics | Self-report: gender, age, education status, occupation, duration of diabetes, co-morbidities, current insulin regimen, glucose monitoring method and other (non-insulin) medication. |
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) | Laboratory HbA1c within the last 3 months; if this was unavailable, the most recent point-of-care HbA1c result was used |
Number of instances of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) | Medical record review and patient self-report; timeframe was over the past 12 months. |
Number of instances of severe hypoglycaemia | Medical record review and patient self-report; timeframe was over the past 12 months. |
Clinic engagement | This was operationalised as clinic attendance and was obtained from the clinic appointment administration system; timeframe was over the past 12 months. |
Diabetes distress | Self-report: Measured using the Problems Areas in Diabetes-11 (PAID-11) scale [18]. |
Diabetes related quality of life | Self-report: Measured using the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of life (ADDQOL) [19]. |
Diabetes related self-management | Self-report: Measured using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) [20] |
Perceived level of control of diabetes | Self-report: Measured using the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form (DES-SF; 10) [21] |