Outcome | Pre-test | Post-test | Change score | P | Effect size |
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MDS-UPDRS-IIIa | 28.57 (14.36) | 23.71 (10.52) | − 4.86 | 0.072 | − 0.823 |
TUG (sec)b | 11.18 (2.10) | 9.48 (1.27) | − 1.70 | 0.016 | − 1.000 |
DT-TUG (sec)b | 12.48 (2.32) | 11.76 (2.67) | − 0.72 | 0.327 | − 0.429 |
FOG-Qb | 5.14 (2.80) | 4.86 (3.39) | − 0.28 | 0.589 | − 0.286 |
FES-Ib | 31.71 (11.83) | 30.71 (11.38) | − 1.00 | 0.833 | − 0.143 |
SOTa | 69.71 (5.94) | 73.00 (4.40) | 3.29 | 0.236 | 0.498 |
SOT-E1a | 93.38 (1.08) | 92.38 (2.70) | − 1.00 | 0.180 | − 0.574 |
SOT-E2a | 90.76 (2.46) | 90.38 (1.86) | − 0.38 | 0.740 | − 0.131 |
SOT-E3a | 90.71 (3.47) | 90.10 (3.43) | − 0.61 | 0.644 | − 0.184 |
SOT-E4a | 73.52 (7.20) | 78.67 (5.77) | 5.15 | 0.116 | 0.695 |
SOT-E5a | 49.48 (21.13) | 54.33 (9.56) | 4.85 | 0.446 | 0.308 |
SOT-E6a | 46.48 (13.32) | 56.52 (15.14) | 10.04 | 0.290 | 0.439 |
- Pre- and post-test values presented are means and standard deviations
- MDS-UPDRS-III Movement Disorder Society United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III, TUG Timed Up and Go Test, DT-TUG Dual-Task Timed Up and Go (cognitive), FOG-Q Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, FES-I Falls Efficacy Scale International, SOT Sensory Organization Test Composite Score, E1 eyes open firm surface, E2 eyes closed on firm surface, E3 eyes open with sway referenced visual surround, E4 eyes open on sway referenced support surface, E5 eyes closed on sway referenced support surface, E6 eyes open on sway referenced support surface and surround
- aData were analyzed using Student’s t test. Effect size reported is Cohen’s d
- bData were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Effect size reported is the Rank-biserial correlation