Student outcomes | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measure | Control group (n =41) | HWBG (n=48 ) | Adjusted difference in change (95% CI)a | Group*Time P value | Cohen’s d Effect size | ||||||
Baseline (1) | SD | 6 months (2) | SD | Baseline (1) | SD | 6 months (2) | SD | ||||
Social health | 16.07 | 3817 | 15.29 | 3378 | 15.33 | 3204 | 16.25 | 3657 | 1.7 (0.25–3.16) | 0.022 | 0.50 |
Strengths & difficulties | 33.20 | 5.972 | 33.83 | 6.221 | 35.37 | 6499 | 33.98 | 7447 | −2.0 (−3.93–0.10) | 0.039 | 0.45 |
Prosocial | 12.78 | 1.754 | 12.90 | 1.446 | 12.43 | 2000 | 13.11 | 1574 | 0.6 (−0.20–1.32) | 0.149 | 0.32 |
Hyper | 9.51 | 2.135 | 9.54 | 2.303 | 10.25 | 2260 | 9.77 | 2386 | −0.5 (−1.29–0.29) | 0.214 | 0.23 |
Conduct | 7.17 | 1.672 | 7.29 | 1.647 | 7.53 | 1745 | 7.33 | 2107 | −0.3 (−1.03–0.38) | 0.358 | 0.20 |
Peer | 7.10 | 1.772 | 7.49 | 1.599 | 7.84 | 2230 | 7.23 | 2086 | −1.0 (−1.65–0.34) | 0.003 | 0.65 |
Emotional | 9.42 | 2.598 | 9.51 | 2.812 | 9.76 | 2359 | 9.65 | 2840 | −0.2 (−0.99–0.58) | 0.610 | 0.11 |
Self-compassion | 37.00 | 8.198 | 36.42 | 8.832 | 36.16 | 7369 | 37.37 | 6896 | 1.8 (−0.58–4.17) | 0.136 | 0.32 |
Mindfulness | 21.34 | 7.780 | 23.46 | 8.028 | 20.53 | 7115 | 23.22 | 9690 | 0.6 (−2.83–3.97) | 0.741 | 0.07 |
Flourishing | 46.56 | 5.550 | 44.53 | 6.957 | 45.43 | 6804 | 44.61 | 9162 | 1.2 (−1.70–4.10) | 0.412 | 0.18 |
Externalizing | 16.68 | 3.282 | 16.83 | 3.376 | 17.78 | 3513 | 17.10 | 3970 | −0.8 (−2.07–0.41) | 0.189 | 0.28 |
Internalizing | 16.51 | 3.957 | 17.00 | 3.931 | 17.59 | 3796 | 16.88 | 4335 | −1.2 (−2.28–0.12) | 0.030 | 0.47 |
Rumination | 22.61 | 6.786 | 22.85 | 7.641 | 23.22 | 7238 | 23.32 | 8069 | −0.1 (−2.56–2.26) | 0.903 | 0.02 |
Weekday steps | 8352.69 | 3196.055 | 8611.48 | 2955.087 | 9174.65 | 2929.025 | 10252.56 | 5048.763 | 819.1 (−1181–2819) | 0.414 | 0.07 |
Weekend steps | 7928.56 | 3985.532 | 7605.40 | 3908.533 | 8256.02 | 3883.663 | 10,205.41 | 5110.090 | 2273 (−356–4901) | 0.089 | 0.32 |
Total steps | 59,562.32 | 21,706.257 | 58,526.15 | 21,402.426 | 62,775.16 | 19,548.277 | 72,922.73 | 32,364.013 | 11,184 (−3164–25,532) | 0.124 | 0.24 |
Screen-time total | 26.04 | 8.963 | 26.32 | 8771 | 27.68 | 8389 | 29.08 | 10224 | 1.1 (−3.0–5.3) | 0.592 | 0.09 |
Weekend screen time | 12.80 | 4.412 | 13.15 | 4.368 | 13.44 | 4731 | 14.73 | 4872 | 0.9 (−1.3–3.2) | 0.397 | 0.13 |
Weekday screen time | 13.24 | 5.150 | 13.17 | 4811 | 14.24 | 4607 | 14.38 | 5874 | 0.2 (−2.2–2.6) | 0.859 | 0.03 |