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Table 1 Device-based application of negative pressure during postoperative recovery

From: Treatment of perioperative swelling by rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) without and with additional application of negative pressure (RICE+) in patients with a unilateral ankle fracture: study protocol for a monocentric, evaluator-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial

Treatment area

Technique

Negative pressure [mmHg]

Work-to-rest ratio

Details

Duration

Supraclavicular fossa region (both sides)

Stationary

50–80

2.0s/50%

Bilateral treatment 3 pulsations on 5 spots/side

1 min

Inguinal area of the injured side

Stationary

50–100

2.0s/50%

3–5 pulsation on the same spot followed by movement to the next spot

1 min

Thigh circumferential

Stationary

50–150

2.0s/50%

1. Step: 3–5 pulsation on the same spot followed by movement to the next spot

4 min

Sliding

50–150

2.0s/50%

2. Step: direction distal to proximal towards the inguinal lymph nodes

2 min

Knee anterior + posterior

Stationary

50-150

2.0s/50%

3-5 pulsation on same spot followed by movement to next spot

2 min

Lower thigh circumferential

Stationary

50-150

2.0s/50%

1. Step: 3–5 pulsation on the same spot followed by movement to the next spot

4 min

Sliding

50–150

2.0s/50%

2. Step: direction distal to proximal

2 min

Foot dorsal and plantar

Stationary

50–150

2.0s/50%

3–5 pulsation on the same spot followed by movement to the next spot

2 min

Entire lower limb

Sliding

50–150

2.0s/50%

Direction distal to proximal, repeated

5 min

Inguinal area of the injured side

Stationary

50–150

2.0s/50%

3–5 pulsation on the same spot followed by movement to the next spot

1 min

Supraclavicular fossa region

Stationary

50–80

2.0s/50%

3–5 pulsations

1 min

  1. Stationary technology: Decompression with pulsation or continuous pulsation is achieved by aa vertical pull on the tissue. The treatment cup is held at the same position for 3–5 pulsations before being moved to the next treatment area. Both areas overlap by about one third
  2. Sliding technique: Decompression is achieved with pulsation or continuous adjustment of additional frequency changes to stimulate flow from the edematous tissue into the lymphatic system. The treatment cup is carefully slid over the skin, and a commonly used disinfectant will be applied to improve gliding
  3. Work-to-rest ratio: The time of negative pressure application relative to the recovery time, i.e., length of the interval without negative pressure application