Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients collected before randomization at the day of discharge

Age, years, median (range)

79 (66–92)

74 (65–94)

Female, n (%)

11 (52%)

7 (37%)

BMI, kg/m², median (range)

26.6 (21.1–37.2)

26.1 (17.2–34.7)

Living alone^a, n (%)

12 (57%)

6 (32%)

Nutritional risk, ≥ 3 point at secondary screening, n (%)

10 (48%)

11 (58%)

 COPD in exacerbation

7 (33%)

6 (32%)

 Infection (UTI, pneumonia without COPD, etc.)

6 (29%)

6 (32%)

 Dyspnoea/respiratory failure (without COPD)

4 (19%)

0 (0%)

 Pain

0 (0%)

3 (16%)

 Diarrhea/gastroenteritis

1 (5%)

2 (11%)

 Others

3 (14%)

2 (11%)

Hospital, length of stay, days, median (range)

6 (2–16)

4 (3–29)

Admissions the last year before inclusion, number, median (range)

0 (0–8)

0 (0–4)

Diagnosis, number, median (range)

4 (2–7)

4 (2–10)

 Drugs, number, median (range)

11 (4–19)

12 (2–20)

 Drugs compliance^a, good, n (%)

21 (100%)

19 (100%)

 Dietician during hospitalization

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

 ONS prescription issued by medical ward

2 (10%)

2 (11%)

 Plan for rehabilitations

6 (29%)

6 (32%)

 Dysphagia^a

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomitting^a

4 (19%)

6 (32%)

 Home-services^a,b

8 (38%)

8 (42%)

 Meals-on-wheels^a

4 (19%)

1 (5%)

 Weight, kg, median (range)

71.7 (52.4–111.0)

73.1 (48.6–107.4)

 Energy requirement, kJ, median (range)

8000 (5700–11,100)

8500 (5400–10,700)

 Energy intake, kJ, median (range)

7500 (3500–10,500)

7100 (2600–12,700)

 ≥ 75% of energy requirement, n (%)

13 (62%)

8 (42%)

 Protein requirement, g, median (range)

92 (75–122)

99 (69–118)

 Protein intake, g, median (range)

61 (18–91)

56 (7–114)

 ≥ 75% of protein requirement, n (%)

6 (29%)

6 (32%)

 HGS, kg, median (range)

18 (8–44)

19 (9–42)

 30-SCS without armrest (WOA), n (%)

11(52%)

9 (47%)

 30-SCS with armrest (WA), n (%)

10 (48%)

8 (42%)

 30-SCS not possible to perform, n (%)

0 (0%)

2 (11%)

 30-SCS (WOA), number of stands, median (range)

7 (4–12)

7 (3–12)

 30-SCS (WA), number of stands, median (range)

4.5 (1–6)

6.5 (2–11)

 FRS total^c

81 (20–100)

87 (37–100)

 Personal activities of daily living

44 (17–44)

44 (28–44)

 Instrumental activities of daily living

16 (1–23)

18 (1–23)

 Mobility

25 (0–33)

25 (8–33)

 EQ-5D-5L^d

0.679 (0.183–0.863)

0.660 (–0.011–1)

 Visual analog scale (VAS)^e

50 (30–95)

60 (5–100)