Table 2 intervention components
Factors underpinning IPA in substance using men | COM-B | TDF | Intervention function | BCTs | Translation of BCTs within ADVANCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Respect | |||||
Sees himself as the victim Sees himself as unable to make positive changes Believes he will lose male identity if he changes Not believe he has choices | Reflective Motivation | Social Role/Identity Belief about capability Intentions Goals Optimism | Persuasion Education Enablement Modelling Incentivisation | Acknowledge backgrounds Promote positive images Promote self-efficacy Reward positive choices Reward attendance | Information on intergenerational IPA links Boost positive models non-abusing male Work with clients’ strengths Reward positive engagement/attendance: attend as you can Pay incentives rewarding attendance—tied to positive non-abusing goals |
Lack understanding of the impact of his behaviour on partner | Reflective Motivation | Belief about consequences | Education Modelling | Demonstrate positive and negative interactions on film | Film demonstrating impact of substance led or controlling (‘protective’) behaviour on partners |
2. Self-regulation | |||||
Poor behaviour management Poor self-regulation | Physical capability | Behavioural Regulation | Enablement Modelling Incentivisation | Introduce self-management Manage Emotions SMART goals | Films demonstrating how to do it differently Demonstrate distress tolerance Incentives for Attendance |
3. Substance use | |||||
See substances as controlling his behaviour Fail to inhibit controlling or abusive behaviours | Physical Capability | Physical Skills | Education Enablement | Feedback on substances and behavioural choice Promote behaviour management Distress tolerance | Provide input on range of influences of substances on behaviours: acquisition, intoxication, withdrawal, lifestyle Introduce behavioural strategies to reduce abusive and controlling behaviours |
Lack understanding of range of impact of substance use on his thinking and behaviour | Psychological Capability | Knowledge | Education | Provide information on impact of substances on behaviours | Films demonstrating impact of substances via acquisition, intoxication, withdrawal, lifestyle and entitlement on behaviours |
Poor ability to challenge Negative automatic thoughts (NATs) Poor perspective taking | Psychological Capability | Memory, attention and decision | Enablement | Advice on cues for conflict Elicit client input | Increase awareness of triggers/cues to relationship conflict Increase self-awareness |
|  | Psychological Capability | Emotion | Persuasion Enablement | Show positive images Work ‘with’ clients’ motivation Highlight strengths | Film of masculinities to challenge Films of doing it differently to enhance motivation Focus on personal goals Develop skills to plan and enact positive relationship behaviours |
|  | Physical opportunity | Context Resources | Enablement Education | Support non abusing partner Identify opportunities to practice | Proactive contact and information and support for non-abusing partner to minimise opportunity for ongoing abuse Value out of session work Provide additional telephone calls to encourage ‘try it out’ Teach positive relationship skills: perspective taking and communication |
| Â | Social opportunity | Social influences | Modelling | Demonstrate respectful communication | Show respectful positive communication between facilitators Respectful challenge between facilitators and group members Respect and ground rules in group |