Table 1 Factors affecting likelihood of IPA perpetration (this is a synthesis of factors identified in recent, relevant international reviews [1, 25, 31, 54, 61, 66])
Level of Influence | Factors increasing IPA |
|---|---|
Cultural | Patriarchy Economic inequalities Honour culture |
Demographic | Young age Male sex Low socioeconomic status Challenges of acculturation (competing cultures) |
Neighbourhood/community | Collective efficacy Low social cohesion/control Neighbourhood disorder/disadvantage Alcohol outlet density Involvement in drinking/drug taking subculture |
Family | Experience of child abuse and neglect IPA exposure in childhood |
Peer Association/influence | Negative /antisocial/substance using peers Lack of social support Lack of emotional support |
Relationship | Unstable/unequal relationship status Satisfaction Relationship conflict Jealousy |
Psychological/behavioural | Insecure/dismissive attachment Negative emotionality Anger Impulsivity Low mood Anxiety Substance use Personality disorder(s): antisocial/borderline Low self-esteem Suicidality |
Cognitive | Hostile beliefs Hostile attitudes Hostile attributions Entitlement Rigid sex roles |