Table 3 Estimated marginal means, standard error, and pairwise comparisons of timepoints for the pooled sample
Category | Outcome | Baseline | 6 weeks | 12 weeksa | p values | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SE | M | SE | M | SE | Baseline to 6 weeks | Baseline to 12 weeks | 6 weeks to 12 weeks | ||
Symptoms | VISA-P (points) | 59.6 | 3.8 | 68.8 | 3.8 | 75.6 | 4.0 | 0.043 | 0.001 | 0.136 |
Palpatory pain (NPRS) | 3.8 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.347 | |
Quality of life | KOOS-QOL (%) | 42.4 | 3.7 | 58.9 | 3.7 | 68.0 | 3.9 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.029 |
Psychological factors | TSK (points) | 36.4 | 1.1 | 35.8 | 1.1 | 34.2 | 1.1 | 0.448 | 0.015 | 0.075 |
DASS-21 (points) | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 0.847 | 0.040 | 0.061 | |
PCS (points) b | 2.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | – | – | – | |
Morphology | Thickness (mm) | 6.9 | 0.5 | 6.8 | 0.5 | 6.6 | 0.6 | 0.427 | 0.329 | 0.678 |
CSA (mm2) | 111.9 | 11.0 | 118.0 | 10.6 | 118.0 | 12.0 | 0.355 | 0.443 | 1.000 | |
Mechanical properties | Shear Modulus (kPa) | 70.6 | 6.3 | 77.1 | 6.2 | 79.8 | 9.2 | 0.427 | 0.391 | 0.796 |
Viscosity (Pa*sec) | 31.6 | 2.4 | 29.7 | 2.3 | 33.0 | 3.1 | 0.396 | 0.628 | 0.268 | |
Lower extremity function | CMJ height (cm) | 12.1 | 1.2 | 13.3 | 1.2 | 13.7 | 1.3 | 0.033 | 0.045 | 0.620 |
Drop CMJ height (cm) | 13.4 | 1.2 | 13.9 | 1.3 | 13.4 | 1.4 | 0.423 | 0.953 | 0.588 | |
Quadriceps muscle performance | MVIC (N) | 860.9 | 56.7 | 995.9 | 60.0 | 1053.4 | 85.6 | 0.138 | 0.082 | 0.601 |
CAR (%) | 80.6 | 3.3 | 84.1 | 3.8 | 90.7 | 4.9 | 0.440 | 0.076 | 0.250 | |