Table 1 TDF domain and intervention function matrix

Education (increasing knowledge or understanding)

Persuasion (using communication to induce positive or negative feelings or stimulate action)

Incentivisation (creating expectation of reward)

Coercion (creating expectation of punishment or cost)

Training (imparting skills)

Restriction (using rules to reduce the opportunity to engage in the behaviour (or to increase behaviour by reducing opportunity to engage in competing behaviours)

Environmental restructuring (changing the physical or social context)

Modelling (providing an example for people to aspire to or imitate)

Enablement (increasing means/reducing barriers to increase capability or opportunity)