TY - STD TI - The BladderPath trial protocol v3. https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-mds/trials/crctu/BladderPath/Current/protocol/BladderPath-Protocol-v3.0-19-Feb-2019.pdf. Accessed 05 July 2019. UR - https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-mds/trials/crctu/BladderPath/Current/protocol/BladderPath-Protocol-v3.0-19-Feb-2019.pdf ID - ref1 ER - TY - STD TI - Hospital Episode Statistics. NHS Digital. http://content.digital.nhs.uk/hes. Accessed 12 Feb 2018. UR - http://content.digital.nhs.uk/hes ID - ref2 ER - TY - STD TI - National Radiotherapy Database. National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. http://www.ncin.org.uk/collecting_and_using_data/rtds. Accessed 23 Aug 2018. UR - http://www.ncin.org.uk/collecting_and_using_data/rtds ID - ref3 ER - TY - STD TI - Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy dataset. National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. http://www.ncin.org.uk/collecting_and_using_data/data_collection/chemotherapy. Accessed 23 Aug 2018. UR - http://www.ncin.org.uk/collecting_and_using_data/data_collection/chemotherapy ID - ref4 ER - TY - STD TI - ICD Classifications. WHO. http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Accessed 22 June 2018. UR - http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ ID - ref5 ER - TY - STD TI - The processing cycle and HES data quality. NHS Digital. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-tools-and-services/data-services/hospital-episode-statistics/the-processing-cycle-and-hes-data-quality. Accessed 13 Feb 2018. UR - https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-tools-and-services/data-services/hospital-episode-statistics/the-processing-cycle-and-hes-data-quality ID - ref6 ER - TY - STD TI - Spine. NHS Digital. https://digital.nhs.uk/services/spine. Accessed 14 Nov 2018. UR - https://digital.nhs.uk/services/spine ID - ref7 ER - TY - STD TI - Data and Audit Project. The British Association of Urological Surgeons. https://www.baus.org.uk/professionals/baus_business/data_audit.aspx. Accessed 19 Oct 2018. UR - https://www.baus.org.uk/professionals/baus_business/data_audit.aspx ID - ref8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jefferies, E. R. AU - Cresswell, J. AU - McGrath, J. S. AU - Miller, C. AU - Hounsome, L. AU - Fowler, S. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Open radical cystectomy in England: the current standard of care–an analysis of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) cystectomy audit and hospital episodes statistics (HES) data JO - BJU Int VL - 121 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14143 DO - 10.1111/bju.14143 ID - Jefferies2018 ER - TY - STD TI - OPCS Classification of Interventions and Procedures. National Health Service (NHS). https://www.datadictionary.nhs.uk/web_site_content/supporting_information/clinical_coding/opcs_classification_of_interventions_and_procedures.asp?shownav=1. Accessed 22 June 2018. UR - https://www.datadictionary.nhs.uk/web_site_content/supporting_information/clinical_coding/opcs_classification_of_interventions_and_procedures.asp?shownav=1 ID - ref10 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Core Team, R. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - R: a language and environment for statistical computing PB - R Foundation for Statistical Computing CY - Vienna, Austria ID - Core Team2016 ER - TY - STD TI - RStudio Team (2016). RStudio: integrated development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston. http://www.rstudio.com/. Accessed 22 June 2018. UR - http://www.rstudio.com/ ID - ref12 ER - TY - STD TI - Main Speciality Code. NHS Digital. https://www.datadictionary.nhs.uk/data_dictionary/attributes/m/main_specialty_code_de.asp. Accessed 22 Aug 2018. UR - https://www.datadictionary.nhs.uk/data_dictionary/attributes/m/main_specialty_code_de.asp ID - ref13 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Stata statistical software: release 15 PB - StataCorp LLC. CY - College Station ID - ref14 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Charlson, M. E. AU - Pompei, P. AU - Ales, K. L. AU - MacKenzie, C. R. PY - 1987 DA - 1987// TI - A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation JO - J Chronic Dis VL - 40 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 DO - 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 ID - Charlson1987 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lewsey, J. D. AU - Leyland, A. H. AU - Murray, G. D. AU - Boddy, F. A. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Using routine data to complement and enhance the results of randomised controlled trials JO - Health Technol Assess VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.3310/hta4220 DO - 10.3310/hta4220 ID - Lewsey2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barry, S. J. E. AU - Dinnett, E. AU - Kean, S. AU - Gaw, A. AU - Ford, I. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Are routinely collected NHS administrative records suitable for endpoint identification in clinical trials? Evidence from the west of Scotland coronary prevention study JO - PLoS One VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075379 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0075379 ID - Barry2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murray, D. W. AU - MacLennan, G. S. AU - Breeman, S. AU - Dakin, H. A. AU - Johnston, L. AU - Campbell, M. K. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - A randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different knee prostheses: the knee Arthroplasty trial (KAT). Health technology assessment JO - Health Technol Assess VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.3310/hta18190 DO - 10.3310/hta18190 ID - Murray2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thorn, J. C. AU - Turner, E. AU - Hounsome, L. AU - Walsh, E. AU - Down, L. AU - Donovan, J. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Validation of the hospital episode statistics outpatient dataset in England JO - Value Health VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1778 DO - 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1778 ID - Thorn2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kilburn, L. S. AU - Aresu, M. AU - Banerji, J. AU - Barrett-Lee, P. AU - Ellis, P. AU - Bliss, J. M. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Can routine data be used to support cancer clinical trials? A historical baseline on which to build: retrospective linkage of data from the TACT (CRUK 01/001) breast cancer trial and the National Cancer Data Repository JO - Trials. VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2308-6 DO - 10.1186/s13063-017-2308-6 ID - Kilburn2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cook, J. A. AU - Collins, G. S. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - The rise of big clinical databases JO - Br J Surg VL - 102 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9723 DO - 10.1002/bjs.9723 ID - Cook2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Staa, T. P. AU - Goldacre, B. AU - Gulliford, M. AU - Cassell, J. AU - Pirmohamed, M. AU - Taweel, A. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Pragmatic randomised trials using routine electronic health records: putting them to the test JO - Brit Med J (BMJ) VL - 344 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e55 DO - 10.1136/bmj.e55 ID - Staa2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Appleyard, S. E. AU - Gilbert, D. C. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Innovative solutions for clinical trial follow-up: adding value from nationally held UK data JO - Clin Oncol VL - 29 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2017.10.003 DO - 10.1016/j.clon.2017.10.003 ID - Appleyard2017 ER - TY - STD TI - McCowan C, Thomson E, Szmigielski CA, Kalra D, Sullivan FM, Prokosch HU, et al. Using electronic health records to support clinical trials: a report on stakeholder engagement for EHR4CR. Biomed Res Int. 2015. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/707891/. UR - https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/707891/ ID - ref24 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gulliford, M. C. AU - Staa, T. AU - McDermott, L. AU - Dregan, A. AU - McCann, G. AU - Ashworth, M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Cluster randomised trial in the general practice research database: 1. Electronic decision support to reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary care (eCRT study) JO - Trials VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-12-115 DO - 10.1186/1745-6215-12-115 ID - Gulliford2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dregan, A. AU - Staa, T. AU - Mcdermott, L. AU - McCann, G. AU - Ashworth, M. AU - Charlton, J. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Cluster randomized trial in the general practice research database: 2. Secondary prevention after first stroke (eCRT study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial JO - Trials VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-181 DO - 10.1186/1745-6215-13-181 ID - Dregan2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dixon, J. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Payment by results—new financial flows in the NHS: the risks are large but may be worth while because of potential gains JO - Brit Med J (BMJ) VL - 328 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7446.969 DO - 10.1136/bmj.328.7446.969 ID - Dixon2004 ER - TY - STD TI - Diagnostic Imaging Dataset. NHS England. https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/diagnostic-imaging-dataset/. Accessed 23 Aug 2018. UR - https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/diagnostic-imaging-dataset/ ID - ref28 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ibrahim, J. G. AU - Chu, H. AU - Chen, M. H. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Missing data in clinical studies: issues and methods JO - J Clin Oncol VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.38.7589 DO - 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.7589 ID - Ibrahim2012 ER - TY - STD TI - Mintz HP, Evison F, Parsons HM, Sydes MR, Spears MR, Patel P, et al. National, centralised hospital datasets can inform clinical trial outcomes in prostate cancer: a pilot study in the STAMPEDE trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(6 Supplement, abstract number 257):65. ID - ref30 ER - TY - JOUR AU - James, N. D. AU - Hussain, S. A. AU - Hall, E. AU - Jenkins, P. AU - Tremlett, J. AU - Rawlings, C. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer JO - N Engl J Med VL - 366 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1106106 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa1106106 ID - James2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Afshar, M. AU - Goodfellow, H. AU - Jackson-Spence, F. AU - Evison, F. AU - Parkin, J. AU - Bryan, R. T. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Centralisation of radical cystectomies for bladder cancer in England, a decade on from the ‘improving outcomes guidance’: the case for super centralisation JO - Brit J Urol (BJU) international VL - 121 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13929 DO - 10.1111/bju.13929 ID - Afshar2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mari, A. AU - Campi, R. AU - Tellini, R. AU - Gandaglia, G. AU - Albisinni, S. AU - Abufaraj, M. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Patterns and predictors of recurrence after open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the literature JO - World J Urol VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-017-2115-4 DO - 10.1007/s00345-017-2115-4 ID - Mari2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vale, C. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Advanced bladder cancer meta-analysis collaboration. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis JO - Lancet VL - 361 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13580-5 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13580-5 ID - Vale2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayr, R. AU - May, M. AU - Burger, M. AU - Martini, T. AU - Pycha, A. AU - Dechet, C. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - The Charlson comorbidity index predicts survival after disease recurrence in patients following radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder JO - Urol Int VL - 93 UR - https://doi.org/10.1159/000362421 DO - 10.1159/000362421 ID - Mayr2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Novara, G. AU - Svatek, R. S. AU - Karakiewicz, P. I. AU - Skinner, E. AU - Ficarra, V. AU - Fradet, Y. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Soft tissue surgical margin status is a powerful predictor of outcomes after radical cystectomy: a multicenter study of more than 4,400 patients JO - J Urol VL - 183 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.021 DO - 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.021 ID - Novara2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Claassen, J. A. H. R. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - The gold standard: not a golden standard JO - Bri Med J (BMJ) VL - 330 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1121 DO - 10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1121 ID - Claassen2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Versi, E. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - "gold standard" is an appropriate term JO - Brit Med J (BMJ) VL - 305 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6846.187-b DO - 10.1136/bmj.305.6846.187-b ID - Versi1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sarkar, S. AU - Seshadri, D. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Conducting record review studies in clinical practice JO - J Clin Diagn Res VL - 8 ID - Sarkar2014 ER -