Table 5 Table of study measures with instrument type and description of measurement
Measurement | Type of instrument(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|
Primary outcomes | ||
Facilitators and barriers to cooking | ||
Cooking diaries | Daily self-administered data collection | Daily responses to cooking frequency questions will be used |
Self-administered 7 item instrument | CSES assesses the degree of confidence in performing basic cooking activities on a 5-point Likert scale | |
Psychosocial factors related to cooking [50] | Self-administered 32 questions (61 items) D.C. CHOC Cooking Survey | D. C. CHOC is a self-administered 32 question (61 items) survey to assess psychosocial determinants and developmental exposure to cooking as well as confidence for certain cooking techniques and food shopping. It will also capture cooking frequency over the last 7 days. |
Food agency [17] | Self-administered 28 item Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale (CAFPAS) | CAFPAS is a 28 item instrument with 3 sub-scales ( food self-efficacy—13 items, food attitude—10 items, perceived influence of non-food barriers on provisioning—5 items). The scale has undergone face and construct validity and reliability testing, with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.7 |
Cooking skills [51] | Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) | AMPS is a kitchen performance assessment test delivered by occupational therapists to assess an individual’s performance skills. The AMPS will be conducted at baseline and 6-week clinic visit. |
Feasibility measures | ||
Attrition | Number of participants that complete the study | Attrition will be based on the number of participants at the start and remaining at the end of the study, as well as at each time point. Attrition rates will be determined from the number of participants who stopped participating divided by the average number of participants at each time point, and over the total study period |
Attendance | Attendance record at each intervention session using study log | Attendance will be taken at each intervention session and rates will be analyzed to determine the desired dosage (how much, how often and at what interval) for each participant by their characteristics |
Participant burden | Observations of research team and participant feedback | Participant burden will be determined by data collection assessments, research team’s perception of participants’ understanding of questions and data collection methods, and if participants respond with missing or unusable data. The study team will also assess if participants have enough time and capacity to complete data collection procedures. |
Treatment fidelity [54] | Guidelines for treatment fidelity from the NIH Behavior Change Consortium workgroup on treatment of fidelity | Treatment fidelity assessment grid will be used to determine implementation of the intervention. Cooking diaries and interviews will also be used as a measure of implementation/intervention fidelity. |
Secondary outcomes | ||
Self-administered 12 item measure | SNI is a self-administered 12-item instrument that assesses participation in 12 types of social relationships. There are three measures within the SNI: number of high-contact roles (network diversity), number of people in social network, and number of embedded networks. | |
Health promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) [57] | Self-administered 52-item instrument | The HPLP-II is a self-administered 52-item instrument that measures the frequency of self-reported healthy behaviors. It consists of 6 subscales: physical activity, spiritual growth, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, nutrition, and stress management (including sleep quality). |
Perceived stress [58] | Perceived stress scale (PSS) is a self-administered 10 item instrument | PSS measures an individual’s perceptions about the nature of events and their relationship to coping resources of that individual. This 10 item tool uses a 5 point Likert scale for each item. |
Neighborhood factors | ||
MESA Neighborhood Perception of Healthy Food Availability Scale [59] | Self-administered shortened 3 item scale (the original being 6-item). | This scale is used to calculate perceived healthy food availability in the neighborhood, which is defined as within a 20-min walk or one mile distance from the individual’s home. |
Perception of Neighborhood Food Retail Outlets [60] | Self-administered 9 item questionnaire | This tool consists of 9 items and tests types of retail outlets available within the neighborhood, which is defined as within a 20-min walk or one mile distance from the individual’s home. |
Neighborhood satisfaction [61] | Single question with 5 answer choices | Neighborhood satisfaction will be measured with the question, “All things considered, would you say you are very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, very dissatisfied, or neutral - neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with your neighborhood as a place to live?” |
Food purchasing practices [61] | Grocery receipts | Grocery receipts will be collected at intervention sessions and follow up CC visits, to assess overall dietary quality and utilization of food store type |
Food purchasing practices | Food purchasing questionnaire measures frequency of major food shopping with 11 different types of store options. It also inquires about mode of transportation for that major food shopping trip. | |
Food Away from Home frequency | Food away from home will be assessed by one question from CD-NHANES-DBQ, 2015 (During the past 7 days, how many meals did you get that were prepared away from home in places such as restaurants, fast food places, food stands, grocery stores, or from vending machines?), whereas the meal could mean breakfast, lunch or dinner. | |
Self-rated health [62] | Self-administered 1 item measure | Self-rated health is assessed through one question and it measures the general health state or change in state which could be associated with outcomes of interest |
Sleep quality assessment [63] | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | PSQI is a 9-item self-administered measure that assesses the quality and patterns of sleep. PSQI has seven subscales and altogether they create a total score of sleep quality. |
Physical activity [64] | International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short form | IPAQ short form is a self-administered 7 item measure that assesses the types and intensity of physical activity and also the time spent while sitting. |
24-h food frequency questionnaire | A nutritional assessment will be done by a member of the dietician team from the CC Nutrition Department using 24 hour dietary recall. This will provide information regarding dietary patterns and eating behaviors. Study staff (registered dieticians) will analyze the food records using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R) software for energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, alcohol, caffeine, and micronutrient intake. A composite diet quality score (a measure of nutritional status and adherence to dietary guidelines) will be calculated using the Healthy Eating Index. | |
14-item Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) | MEDAS is a 14 item questionnaire that assesses adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Photographs of portions and serving sizes are used to facilitate accurate completion. Validation of the MEDAS questionnaire and test-retest reliability for English version has been conducted. | |
Family meals () | Family Meal frequency | Family meal socialization will be assessed by one question from CDC-NHANES-DBQ 2015 (During the past 7 days, how many meals did all or most of your family sit down and eat together at home?), where the meal could mean breakfast, lunch or dinner |
CVD biomarkers | - BMI - Blood pressure - A1C - Lipid screen - CBC with differential - Glucose (fasting) - Insulin (fasting) - Advanced lipid panel (fasting) - CRP, IL-6 | CVD biomarker collection duet to known role of dietary behaviors on CVD risk factors |
Anthropometrics | Waist circumference and waist to hip measurement | Waist circumference (at the top of the iliac crest) and hip circumference (at the maximum protuberance of the buttocks) will be measured in triplicate with the average of measurements used as data for clinical visit time point |