Intervention group (N = 16) | Control group (N = 19) | Total (N = 35) | Cohen’s d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tummy time per day in min, mean (95% CI) | ||||
Baseline | 40.0 (14.9–64.2) (n = 15) | 52.4 (28.6–76.1) (n = 16) | 46.0 (28.8–63.1) (n = 31) | 0.3 |
Post-intervention | 30.3 (0.0–60.6) (n = 10) | 16.6 (0.0–42.1) (n = 15) | 23.5 (3.6–43.3) (n = 25) | 0.5 |
6 months old | 51.5 (21.2–81.9) (n = 10) | 59.1 (35.4–82.9) (n = 16) | 55.3 (36.1–74.6) (n = 26) | 0.1 |
Met recommendations (%) | ||||
Baseline | 53.8% (n = 15) | 50.0% (n = 16) | 51.9% (n = 31) | 0.01 |
Post-intervention | 30% (n = 10) | 13.3% (n = 15) | 21.7% (n = 25) | 0.5 |
6 months old | 70% (n = 10) | 56.3% (n = 16) | 63.2% (n = 26) | 0.3 |
AIMS scores, mean (95% CI) | ||||
Baseline | n = 16 | n = 18 | n = 34 | |
Prone | 2.3 (1.3–3.3) | 2.3 (1.4–3.3) | 2.3 (1.7–3.0) | 0.0 |
Supine | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 2.5 (2.1–2.9) | 0.3 |
Sitting | 1.0 (0.4–1.6) | 1.2 (0.6–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 0.3 |
Standing | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.5 |
Total | 6.7 (4.7–8.7) | 7.3 (5.4–9.2) | 7.0 (5.6–8.4) | 0.3 |
Post-intervention | n = 13 | n = 18 | n = 31 | |
Prone | 3.5 (2.5–4.6) | 3.2 (2.2–4.1) | 3.4 (2.6–4.1) | 0.5 |
Supine | 3.4 (2.8–4.0) | 3.6 (3.2–4.1) | 3.5 (3.1–3.9) | 0.5 |
Sitting | 1.8 (1.1–2.5) | 1.4 (0.8–2.0) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 0.7 |
Standing | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 0.0 |
Total | 10.3 (8.0–12.5) | 9.8 (7.9–11.7) | 10.0 (8.6–11.5) | 0.2 |
6 months old | n = 10 | n = 17 | n = 27 | |
Prone | 7.8 (6.6–9.0) | 8.7 (7.8–9.7) | 8.3 (7.5–9.0) | 0.3 |
Supine | 6.9 (6.2–7.6) | 6.9 (6.4–7.4) | 6.9 (6.5–7.3) | 0.1 |
Sitting | 5.1 (4.3–5.8) | 5.3 (4.7–5.9) | 5.2 (4.7–5.7) | 0.1 |
Standing | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 2.5 (2.2–2.7) | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) | 0.5 |
Total | 21.9 (19.4–24.5) | 23.4 (21.5–25.4) | 22.7 (21.1–24.3) | 0.2 |
Head shape, mean (95% CI) | ||||
Baseline | n = 15 | n = 18 | n = 34 | |
CDD (mm) | 3.1 (2.0–4.1) | 3.6 (2.6–4.5) | 3.3 (2.6–4.0) | 0.1 |
CI (%) | 81.8 (78.8–84.9) | 82.6 (79.8–85.5) | 82.2 (80.2–84.3) | 0.1 |
Post-intervention | n = 12 | n = 18 | n = 31 | |
CDD (mm) | 1.7 (0.5–2.9) | 3.4 (2.4–4.4) | 2.5 (1.8–3.3) | 0.7 |
CI (%) | 85.7* (82.5–88.8) | 82.5 (79.6–85.3) | 84.1 (82.0–86.2) | 0.6 |
6 months old | n = 9 | n = 17 | n = 27 | |
CDD (mm) | 2.0 (0.7–3.4) | 2.4 (1.4–3.4) | 2.2 (1.4–3.0) | 0.0 |
CI (%) | 84.8 (81.6–88.1) | 82.8 (80.0–85.7) | 83.8 (81.7–86.0) | 0.2 |