Variable | Total (N = 10) | Control (n = 5) | Intervention (n = 5) | Â | Â | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M ± SD | n | M ± SD | n | M ± SD | p | d | |
Weight (kg) | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 94.14 ± 21.13 | 5 | 90.24 ± 20.83 | 5 | 98.04 ± 23.09 | 0.590 | 0.159 |
 3 months | 10 | 95.69 ± 21.00 | 5 | 90.64 ± 19.03 | 5 | 100.74 ± 23.80 | 0.480 | 0.210 |
 6 months | 9 | 96.67 ± 21.17 | 5 | 90.32 ± 17.91 | 4 | 104.60 ± 24.84 | 0.376 | 0.321 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 32.67 ± 5.64 | 5 | 31.51 ± 7.93 | 5 | 33.83 ± 2.31 | 0.559 | 0.178 |
 3 months | 10 | 33.11 ± 5.79 | 5 | 31.62 ± 7.87 | 5 | 34.59 ± 2.86 | 0.450 | 0.225 |
 6 months | 9 | 33.77 ± 5.94 | 5 | 31.73 ± 7.40 | 4 | 36.31 ± 2.37 | 0.250 | 0.355 |
Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 105.17 ± 18.56 | 5 | 101.45 ± 23.07 | 5 | 108.89 ± 14.43 | 0.558 | 0.173 |
 3 months | 10 | 105.27 ± 15.82 | 5 | 101.55 ± 19.54 | 5 | 108.98 ± 12.13 | 0.491 | 0.204 |
 6 months | 9 | 105.38 ± 16.73 | 5 | 100.81 ± 19.22 | 4 | 111.09 ± 13.27 | 0.376 | 0.279 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 126.10 ± 7.26 | 5 | 124.80 ± 7.92 | 5 | 127.40 ± 7.20 | 0.602 | 0.154 |
 3 months | 10 | 131.20 ± 11.16 | 5 | 130.60 ± 7.92 | 5 | 131.80 ± 14.72 | 0.878 | 0.045 |
 6 months | 9 | 129.78 ± 13.90 | 5 | 122.60 ± 10.50 | 4 | 138.75 ± 13.23 | 0.096 | 0.651 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 75.80 ± 10.49 | 5 | 71.00 ± 8.66 | 5 | 80.60 ± 10.71 | 0.158 | 0.441 |
 3 months | 10 | 77.50 ± 10.44 | 5 | 72.20 ± 4.55 | 5 | 82.80 ± 12.42 | 0.111 | 0.507 |
 6 months | 9 | 80.00 ± 10.84 | 5 | 73.80 ± 7.85 | 4 | 87.75 ± 9.32 | 0.054 | 0.774 |
Counts/min | ||||||||
 0 month | 61 | 275.69 ± 173.48 | 32 | 349.14 ± 201.84 | 29 | 194.63 ± 80.09 | 0.000 | 0.176 |
 3 months | 33 | 279.17 ± 120.40 | 21 | 303.72 ± 132.58 | 12 | 236.21 ± 83.93 | 0.123 | 0.130 |
 6 months | 38 | 251.98 ± 143.57 | 19 | 321.76 ± 166.19 | 19 | 182.21 ± 66.88 | 0.002 | 0.253 |
Moderate PA min/day | ||||||||
 0 month | 57 | 26.04 ± 25.51 | 31 | 34.68 ± 30.44 | 26 | 15.73 ± 11.97 | 0.003 | 0.144 |
 3 months | 29 | 20.69 ± 20.65 | 18 | 27.83 ± 22.08 | 11 | 9.00 ± 11.08 | 0.005 | 0.243 |
 6 months | 36 | 20.14 ± 23.81 | 19 | 30.68 ± 28.62 | 17 | 8.35 ± 6.26 | 0.004 | 0.241 |
Vigorous PA min/day | ||||||||
 0 month | 2 | 3.00 ± 2.83 | 2 | 3.00 ± 2.83 | 0 | – | – | – |
 3 months | 4 | 10.25 ± 8.54 | 3 | 7.67 ± 8.33 | 1 | 18.00 ± 0.00 | – | – |
 6 months | 3 | 5.67 ± 8.08 | 3 | 5.67 ± 8.08 | 0 | – | – | – |
KTQ: physical symptoms | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 3.25 ± 0.82 | 5 | 3.37 ± 1.13 | 5 | 3.13 ± 0.45 | 0.679 | 0.122 |
 3 months | 10 | 4.97 ± 0.95 | 5 | 5.53 ± 1.06 | 5 | 4.40 ± 0.28 | 0.075 | 0.652 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.70 ± 1.34 | 5 | 5.47 ± 0.43 | 4 | 3.75 ± 1.53 | 0.107 | 0.807 |
KTQ: fatigue | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 4.00 ± 1.40 | 5 | 4.00 ± 1.94 | 5 | 4.00 ± 0.80 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
 3 months | 10 | 5.28 ± 0.94 | 5 | 5.92 ± 0.98 | 5 | 4.64 ± 0.17 | 0.042 | 0.818 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.93 ± 1.41 | 5 | 5.72 ± 0.91 | 4 | 3.95 ± 1.37 | 0.077 | 0.749 |
KTQ: uncertainty/fear | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 4.13 ± 0.85 | 5 | 4.30 ± 1.10 | 5 | 3.95 ± 0.60 | 0.548 | 0.177 |
 3 months | 10 | 4.90 ± 1.20 | 5 | 5.70 ± 0.82 | 5 | 4.10 ± 0.99 | 0.024 | 0.786 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.75 ± 1.62 | 5 | 5.60 ± 1.15 | 4 | 3.69 ± 1.59 | 0.095 | 0.671 |
KTQ: appearance | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 5.35 ± 1.42 | 5 | 6.15 ± 1.14 | 5 | 4.55 ± 1.27 | 0.069 | 0.594 |
 3 months | 10 | 5.60 ± 1.17 | 5 | 6.55 ± 0.41 | 5 | 4.65 ± 0.82 | 0.002 | 1.308 |
 6 months | 9 | 5.39 ± 1.47 | 5 | 6.55 ± 0.45 | 4 | 3.94 ± 0.66 | 0.001 | 2.267 |
KTQ: emotions | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 4.50 ± 1.05 | 5 | 4.60 ± 1.09 | 5 | 4.40 ± 1.12 | 0.782 | 0.081 |
 3 months | 10 | 5.10 ± 1.11 | 5 | 5.60 ± 1.22 | 5 | 4.60 ± 0.82 | 0.166 | 0.431 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.78 ± 1.64 | 5 | 5.87 ± 1.39 | 4 | 3.42 ± 1.39 | 0.029 | 0.824 |
HEI: total fruit | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 1.80 ± 1.32 | 5 | 2.60 ± 1.14 | 5 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 0.046 | 0.667 |
 3 months | 9 | 2.89 ± 1.96 | 4 | 2.75 ± 1.71 | 5 | 3.00 ± 2.35 | 0.864 | 0.055 |
 6 months | 9 | 3.11 ± 1.83 | 5 | 2.80 ± 1.48 | 4 | 3.50 ± 2.38 | 0.604 | 0.175 |
HEI: whole fruit | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 2.60 ± 1.90 | 5 | 3.40 ± 1.82 | 5 | 1.80 ± 1.79 | 0.198 | 0.397 |
 3 months | 9 | 2.89 ± 2.32 | 4 | 2.50 ± 2.38 | 5 | 3.20 ± 2.49 | 0.682 | 0.134 |
 6 months | 9 | 3.67 ± 1.80 | 5 | 3.60 ± 1.34 | 4 | 3.75 ± 2.50 | 0.911 | 0.038 |
HEI: total vegetable | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 3.20 ± 1.32 | 5 | 3.60 ± 1.67 | 5 | 2.80 ± 0.84 | 0.367 | 0.270 |
 3 months | 9 | 3.67 ± 1.12 | 4 | 4.50 ± 1.00 | 5 | 3.00 ± 0.71 | 0.033 | 0.846 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.11 ± 0.93 | 5 | 4.40 ± 0.89 | 4 | 3.75 ± 0.96 | 0.328 | 0.331 |
HEI: green and bean | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 2.40 ± 2.22 | 5 | 3.00 ± 2.35 | 5 | 1.80 ± 2.17 | 0.425 | 0.238 |
 3 months | 9 | 1.78 ± 2.22 | 4 | 2.75 ± 2.63 | 5 | 1.00 ± 1.73 | 0.267 | 0.387 |
 6 months | 9 | 2.56 ± 2.19 | 5 | 2.40 ± 2.51 | 4 | 2.75 ± 2.06 | 0.829 | 0.070 |
HEI: whole grain | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 4.20 ± 2.74 | 5 | 2.60 ± 1.34 | 5 | 5.80 ± 2.95 | 0.058 | 0.625 |
 3 months | 9 | 7.22 ± 3.42 | 4 | 9.00 ± 1.41 | 5 | 5.80 ± 4.02 | 0.177 | 0.454 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.78 ± 2.68 | 5 | 4.40 ± 3.21 | 4 | 5.25 ± 2.22 | 0.668 | 0.138 |
HEI: dairy | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 4.70 ± 2.67 | 5 | 3.80 ± 3.42 | 5 | 5.60 ± 1.52 | 0.313 | 0.304 |
 3 months | 9 | 4.67 ± 2.29 | 4 | 4.25 ± 2.50 | 5 | 5.00 ± 2.35 | 0.657 | 0.146 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.78 ± 2.33 | 5 | 4.00 ± 2.00 | 4 | 5.75 ± 2.63 | 0.292 | 0.363 |
HEI: total protein | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0 month | 10 | 4.50 ± 0.71 | 5 | 4.40 ± 0.89 | 5 | 4.60 ± 0.55 | 0.681 | 0.121 |
 3 months | 9 | 4.33 ± 0.71 | 4 | 4.25 ± 0.96 | 5 | 4.40 ± 0.55 | 0.775 | 0.096 |
 6 months | 9 | 4.44 ± 0.73 | 5 | 4.60 ± 0.55 | 4 | 4.25 ± 0.96 | 0.510 | 0.225 |
HEI: sea plant protein | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 1.90 ± 2.02 | 5 | 1.00 ± 1.41 | 5 | 2.80 ± 2.28 | 0.172 | 0.424 |
 3 months | 9 | 1.78 ± 1.56 | 4 | 1.50 ± 1.29 | 5 | 2.00 ± 1.87 | 0.665 | 0.139 |
 6 months | 9 | 1.89 ± 2.09 | 5 | 1.60 ± 1.82 | 4 | 2.25 ± 2.63 | 0.673 | 0.141 |
HEI: fatty acid | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 5.20 ± 2.44 | 5 | 4.20 ± 1.30 | 5 | 6.20 ± 3.03 | 0.213 | 0.383 |
 3 months | 9 | 4.78 ± 2.68 | 4 | 6.50 ± 2.65 | 5 | 3.40 ± 1.95 | 0.082 | 0.648 |
 6 months | 9 | 6.22 ± 3.23 | 5 | 7.60 ± 2.30 | 4 | 4.50 ± 3.70 | 0.165 | 0.499 |
HEI: refined grain | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 4.20 ± 3.71 | 5 | 4.00 ± 3.87 | 5 | 4.40 ± 3.97 | 0.876 | 0.046 |
 3 months | 9 | 6.22 ± 3.73 | 4 | 8.00 ± 1.41 | 5 | 4.80 ± 4.55 | 0.222 | 0.405 |
 6 months | 9 | 6.00 ± 3.28 | 5 | 6.40 ± 2.51 | 4 | 5.50 ± 4.43 | 0.710 | 0.125 |
HEI: sodium | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 3.10 ± 3.54 | 5 | 3.20 ± 2.86 | 5 | 3.00 ± 4.47 | 0.935 | 0.024 |
 3 months | 9 | 2.78 ± 2.59 | 4 | 3.75 ± 3.30 | 5 | 2.00 ± 1.87 | 0.346 | 0.327 |
 6 months | 9 | 3.22 ± 1.99 | 5 | 3.00 ± 2.55 | 4 | 3.50 ± 1.29 | 0.734 | 0.108 |
HEI: empty kcal | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 15.50 ± 2.68 | 5 | 15.40 ± 2.61 | 5 | 15.60 ± 3.05 | 0.914 | 0.032 |
 3 months | 9 | 15.89 ± 3.30 | 4 | 18.25 ± 2.06 | 5 | 14.00 ± 2.92 | 0.044 | 0.756 |
 6 months | 9 | 15.89 ± 3.33 | 5 | 16.80 ± 2.17 | 4 | 14.75 ± 4.50 | 0.395 | 0.295 |
HEI: total | ||||||||
 0 month | 10 | 53.30 ± 14.15 | 5 | 51.20 ± 8.07 | 5 | 55.40 ± 19.35 | 0.666 | 0.127 |
 3 months | 9 | 58.89 ± 11.32 | 4 | 68.00 ± 6.83 | 5 | 51.60 ± 8.47 | 0.017 | 0.971 |
 6 months | 9 | 60.67 ± 12.11 | 5 | 61.60 ± 5.32 | 4 | 59.50 ± 18.72 | 0.840 | 0.080 |