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Table 2 Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications [19]

From: Determining the effectiveness of fibrin sealants in reducing complications in patients undergoing lateral neck dissection (DEFeND): study protocol for a randomised external pilot trial

Grade of complicationDefinition
Grade IAny deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological intervention. Acceptable therapeutic regimens are drugs such as antiemetics, analgesia, diuretics and electrolytes and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.
Grade IIRequiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than those allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included.
Grade IIIRequiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention.
 Grade III-aIntervention NOT under general anaesthesia
 Grade III-bIntervention under general anaesthesia
Grade IVLife-threatening complication requiring HDU/ICU management
 Grade IV-aSingle organ dysfunction (including dialysis)
 Grade IV-bMulti-organ dysfunction
Grade VDeath
  1. HDU high dependency unit, ICU intensive care unit