Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Danish or Norwegian adults over 18 years of age

• LBP of any duration, who have sought care for their LBP within the  past 8 weeks from primary care (primary care defined as general  practice, physiotherapy, chiropractic serving, or a specialized  outpatient hospital facility [Denmark])

• Mild-to-severe disability due to LBP

• Own and regularly use a smartphone with internet access

• Have a working email address and access to a computer with  internet access

Exclusion criteria

• Unable to speak, read or understand the national language (Danish/ Norwegian)

• Cognitive impairments or learning disabilities limiting participation

• Serious mental illness

• Physical illnesses or conditions limiting participation

• Terminal illness

• Inability to take part in exercise/physical activity

• Fibromyalgia diagnosed by a health care professional

• Pregnancy

• Previous back surgery