Table 5 Characteristics of pre and post intervention patient populations
| Variable | Category | Treatment group | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-intervention (N = 143) % (N) or median (IQR) | Post-intervention (N = 95) % (N) or median (IQR) | ||
| Patient demographics | |||
| Patient age | 30.0 (23.0–37.0) | 29.0 (23.0–37.0) | |
| Patient gender | Female | 22% (31) | 19% (18) |
| Male | 78% (112) | 81% (77) | |
| Primary injury mechanism | Blunt | 42% (60) | 44% (42) |
| Penetrating | 56% (80) | 56% (53) | |
| Other | 2% (3) | 0% (0) | |
| Vital signs and associated measures | |||
| Systolic blood pressure from initial vital signs | 110.0 (95.0–139.0) | 100.0 (90.0–130.0) | |
| Heart rate from initial vital signs | 106.0 (99.0–114.0) | 104.0 (88.0–112.0) | |
| Shock stage from initial vital signs | High (≥ 1.0) | 36% (51) | 45% (43) |
| Intermediate (0.7– < 1.0) | 51% (73) | 41% (39) | |
| Normal (<0.7) | 13% (19) | 14% (13) | |
| EMS response information | |||
| Qualification of provider 1 | BLS | 25% (35) | 24% (23) |
| ILS | 41% (58) | 43% (41) | |
| ALS | 34% (48) | 33% (31) | |
| Incident to scene arrival minutes | 19.0 (12.0–37.0) | 22.0 (14.0–43.0) | |
| Scene arrival to scene departure minutes | 22.0 (15.0–32.0) | 23.0 (14.0–31.0) | |
| Scene departure to hospital arrival minutes | 14.0 (9.0–22.0) | 16.0 (12.0–24.0) | |
| Total prehospital minutes | 61.0 (48.0–89.0) | 67.0 (53.0–96.0) | |
| Clinical interventions | |||
| Any IV is 14,16 or 18-gauge placed in AC or EJ locations | Yes | 14% (20) | 13% (12) |
| IV fluids administered: | No | 46% (66) | 47% (45) |
| Yes | 50% (71) | 41% (39) | |
| Not documented | 4% (6) | 12% (11) | |
| Type of fluid: | Normal saline | 3% (2) | 8% (3) |
| Lactated Ringers | 96% (68) | 90% (35) | |
| Not documented | 1% (1) | 3% (1) | |
| Volume of fluid (mL): | 825.0 (450.0–1000) | 500.0 (250.0–925.0) | |
| Patient shock index outcomes | |||
| Initial shock index | 0.89 (0.77–1.06) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | |
| Last shock index | 0.88 (0.74–0.97) | 0.87 (0.72–1.00) | |
| Change in shock index | − 0.04 (− 0.12–0.00) | − 0.05 (− 0.17–0.03) | |
| Meaningful change in SI | Meaningfully better (<− 0.1) | 27% (38) | 34% (32) |
| Meaningfully worse (>0.1) | 8% (12) | 11% (10) | |
| No meaningful change | 65% (93) | 56% (53) | |