Table 5 Characteristics of pre and post intervention patient populations
Variable | Category | Treatment group | |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre-intervention (N = 143) % (N) or median (IQR) | Post-intervention (N = 95) % (N) or median (IQR) | ||
Patient demographics | |||
 Patient age |  | 30.0 (23.0–37.0) | 29.0 (23.0–37.0) |
 Patient gender | Female | 22% (31) | 19% (18) |
Male | 78% (112) | 81% (77) | |
 Primary injury mechanism | Blunt | 42% (60) | 44% (42) |
Penetrating | 56% (80) | 56% (53) | |
Other | 2% (3) | 0% (0) | |
Vital signs and associated measures | |||
 Systolic blood pressure from initial vital signs |  | 110.0 (95.0–139.0) | 100.0 (90.0–130.0) |
 Heart rate from initial vital signs |  | 106.0 (99.0–114.0) | 104.0 (88.0–112.0) |
 Shock stage from initial vital signs | High (≥ 1.0) | 36% (51) | 45% (43) |
Intermediate (0.7– < 1.0) | 51% (73) | 41% (39) | |
Normal (<0.7) | 13% (19) | 14% (13) | |
EMS response information | |||
 Qualification of provider 1 | BLS | 25% (35) | 24% (23) |
ILS | 41% (58) | 43% (41) | |
ALS | 34% (48) | 33% (31) | |
 Incident to scene arrival minutes |  | 19.0 (12.0–37.0) | 22.0 (14.0–43.0) |
 Scene arrival to scene departure minutes |  | 22.0 (15.0–32.0) | 23.0 (14.0–31.0) |
 Scene departure to hospital arrival minutes |  | 14.0 (9.0–22.0) | 16.0 (12.0–24.0) |
 Total prehospital minutes |  | 61.0 (48.0–89.0) | 67.0 (53.0–96.0) |
Clinical interventions | |||
 Any IV is 14,16 or 18-gauge placed in AC or EJ locations | Yes | 14% (20) | 13% (12) |
 IV fluids administered: | No | 46% (66) | 47% (45) |
Yes | 50% (71) | 41% (39) | |
Not documented | 4% (6) | 12% (11) | |
 Type of fluid: | Normal saline | 3% (2) | 8% (3) |
Lactated Ringers | 96% (68) | 90% (35) | |
Not documented | 1% (1) | 3% (1) | |
Volume of fluid (mL): |  | 825.0 (450.0–1000) | 500.0 (250.0–925.0) |
Patient shock index outcomes | |||
 Initial shock index |  | 0.89 (0.77–1.06) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) |
 Last shock index |  | 0.88 (0.74–0.97) | 0.87 (0.72–1.00) |
 Change in shock index |  | − 0.04 (− 0.12–0.00) | − 0.05 (− 0.17–0.03) |
 Meaningful change in SI | Meaningfully better (<− 0.1) | 27% (38) | 34% (32) |
Meaningfully worse (>0.1) | 8% (12) | 11% (10) | |
No meaningful change | 65% (93) | 56% (53) | |