Table 1 Characteristics of study population at baseline
Variable | Total (N = 36) | Exercise alone (N = 11) | Acupuncture (N = 13) | Manual therapy (N = 12) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 49 (11) | 47 (3) | 51 (4) | 49 (2) |
Female | 15 (42) | 6 (55) | 6 (46) | 3 (25) | |
Higher education* | 29 (81) | 8 (73) | 10 (76) | 11 (92) | |
Type of work | |||||
- Manual | 12 (33) | 5 (45) | 5 (38) | 2 (16) | |
- Office | 24 (67) | 6 (55) | 8 (62) | 10 (83) | |
Work status | |||||
- Paid work | 30 (82) | 10 (90) | 10 (77) | 11 (92) | |
- Sick leave | 2 (6) | – | 1 (8) | 1 (8) | |
- Student | 2 (6) | – | – | – | |
- Retired | 1 (3) | – | – | – | |
- Unemployed | 1 (3) | – | – | – | |
Previous treatment | |||||
- Cortisone injections | 6 (17) | 1 (9) | 2 (15) | 3 (25) | |
Pain intensity** | Mean (SD) | 4.3 (1.3) | 4.8 (1.3) | 3.9 (1.3) | 4.1 (1.3) |
Functional capacity of arm*** | Mean (SD) | 30.5 (14.2) | 29.2 (14.4) | 30.5 (14.2) | 31.7 (15.2) |