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Table 4 Within-subject comparison of baseline shoe insert comfort recorded with a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS)

From: The efficacy of foot orthoses in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a randomised feasibility trial

 

Own shoe (n = 25)

Foot orthoses (n = 26)

Flat inserts (n = 24)

Mean difference (95% CI)

Foot orthoses vs own shoe

Foot orthoses vs flat inserts

Flat inserts vs own shoe

Overall comfort

73 (26)

60 (28)

75 (21)

− 14 (− 31 to 4)

− 16 (− 33 to 2)

2 (− 15 to 19)

Forefoot cushioning

74 (25)

64 (31)

75 (21)

− 10 (− 28 to 8)

− 12 (− 30 to 6)

2 (− 16 to 19)

Arch cushioning

71 (25)

57 (30)

72 (23)

− 14 (− 32 to 4)

− 16 (− 33 to 2)

2 (− 16 to 19)

Heel cushioning

70 (28)

65 (30)

76 (20)

− 6 (− 24 to 13)

− 11 (− 29 to 7)

6 (− 12 to 23)

  1. Values are reported as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated
  2. 100 mm VAS (0 = not comfortable; 100 = most comfortable imaginable)
  3. Note: not all participants were able to complete the comfort questionnaire in all three conditions, due to some participants being unable to complete all three laboratory-based functional tasks (walking and stair ambulation), which was part of a biomechanics study