Table 2 Participant eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

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Aged 65 years or older

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Living in the community; this includes those living in sheltered accommodation

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Not meeting recommended levels of physical activity, defined as less than 150 min of moderate, or 75 min of vigorous, physical activity per week

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Not disabled at baseline, defined using a walking speed of at least 0.8 m/s along a 4-m walk track.

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At risk of subsequent disability, defined as a score of less than 10 out of 12 on the SPPB

Exclusion criteria

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Unable to participate in the intervention or study due to speech, language, or sensory problems

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Resident in a nursing home

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Intention to move out of the study area within 6 m of the screening clinic visit or to be away for more than 8 consecutive weeks during this period

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Concurrent participation in an “exercise-on-prescription” or a physical rehabilitation programme or study

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A documented or patient-reported medical condition including but not limited to severe, uncontrolled arthritis; severe lung disease requiring regular use of corticosteroids or supplemental oxygen; serious cardiovascular disease; history of cardiac arrest; neuromuscular or musculoskeletal conditions exacerbated by exercise; moderate or severe cognitive impairment or dementia; severe uncontrolled psychiatric illness; and multiple (≥ 2) falls in previous 3 months

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Investigator concern about an individual’s safety or ability to adhere to the intervention if enrolled in the trial