Table 5 Data collected during the study

Sitting or standing to cannulate

Patient arm position

Pump speed (Qb)

Use of gloves (sterile or non-sterile)

Patient-reported pain score (scales 1–10) each needle

Venous and arterial line pressures

Ultrasound probe held longitudinal or transverse

Patient-reported perception of the cannulation experience (scales 1–10)

Any initial pressure alarms

Cannulate in one or two motions

Patient additional comments re-cannulation or ultrasound process

Needle manipulation once inserted

Ultrasound images in both transverse and longitudinal planes

Time from tourniquet application until machine started

Miscannulations (needle removed and re-sited)

Nurse-reported perceptions of the use of ultrasound