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Table 3 Within-group comparison of yoga effects

From: Effects of yoga on oxidative stress, motor function, and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Variable

Baseline

12 weeks

Difference

95% CI

(n = 10)

(n = 10)

Oxidative status

 ↑Total GSH (μg/ml)

214.1 (38.3)

207.5 (35.4)

− 7.4 (38.4)

(− 34.9, 20.1)

 ↑GSH:GSSG ratio

15.3 (8.1)

12.5 (1.8)

− 2.7 (8.73)

(− 8.9, 3.5)

 ↓MDA (μM)

45.7 (11.8)

45.7 (18.9)

0.06 (16.3)

(− 11.6, 11.7)

 ↓SOD (U/ml)

448.6 (161.7)

384.1 (99.8)

− 64.5 (220.1)

(− 222, 93)

 ↑Catalase (nmol/min/ml)

36,709 (6186)

44,488 (9212)

7779 (9085)

(1280, 14,278)

 ↓Protein carbonyl (nmol/ml)

20.5 (13.8)

15.3 (6.4)

− 5.1 (12.4)

(− 14.0, 3.8)

 ↑GPx (nmol/min/ml/mg)

16.8 (4)

16.4 (4.6)

− 0.4 (5)

(− 4.0, 3.2)

Motor function

 ↓Motor UPDRS (0–108)

25.6 (6.9)

17.5 (5.3)

− 8.1 (6.4)

(− 12.7, − 3.5)

 ↑LAPAQ level, in minutes

5745 (4104)

2608 (1286)

− 3137.8 (4353)

(− 6252, − 24)

QOS and QOL (range of scores)

 ↑PD Sleep Scale (0–150)

112.3 (22.2)

112.9 (17.4)

0.6 (11.9)

(− 7.9, 9.1)

 ↑MoCA (0–30)

26.9 (2.2)

28.4 (1.3)

1.5 (2)

(0.1, 2.9)

 ↓Beck Depression Inventory (0–63)

8.8 (5.9)

9.7 (5.7)

0.9 (3.6)

(− 1.7, 3.5)

 ↓PDQUALIF

  Social and role function (0–100)

37.5 (18.4)

46.4 (21.1)

8.9 (10.7)

(1.2, 16.6)

  Self-image and sexuality (0–100)

37.5 (17.1)

42.5 (19.2)

5 (13.8)

(− 4.9, 14.9)

  Sleep (0–100)

25.8 (20.2)

31.7 (17)

5.8 (6.9)

(0.9, 10.7)

  Outlook (0–100)

36.9 (17.5)

43.8 (17.4)

6.9 (8.6)

(0.7, 13.1)

  Physical functioning (0–100)

33.5 (12.3)

34.5 (10.4)

1 (12.4)

(− 7.9, 9.9)

  Independence (0–100)

10 (24.2)

10 (16.5)

0 (25.7)

(− 18.4, 18.4)

  Urinary function (0–100)

61.3 (22.4)

56.3 (18.9)

− 5 (14.7)

(− 15.5, 5.5)

  Global (0–100)

55 (15.8)

50 (23.6)

− 5 (19.7)

(− 19.1, 9.1)

  1. Values are the mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise. ↑or ↓sign indicates better status
  2. CI confidence Interval, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, LAPAQ Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire, GSH glutathione, GSSG glutathione disulfide, MDA malondialdehyde, SOD superoxide dismutase, GPx glutathione peroxidase, PDQUALIF Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire